Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) test is a diagnostic test that utilizes X-ray imaging and a specialized dye to detect fertility-related issues.
The procedure involves filling the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes with dye and capturing X-ray images to evaluate potential problems that can hinder pregnancy, such as blocked fallopian tubes or an irregularly shaped uterus. The test is beneficial in identifying reproductive anatomy abnormalities and guiding appropriate treatment to help individuals get pregnant.
When should a hysterosalpingogram be done?
The provider will schedule the procedure for the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle, after your last period but before you ovulate. This reduces the chance of getting pregnant or having menstruation during the procedure.
Who shouldn’t get a hysterosalpingogram?
If you are pregnant or have a pelvic infection, you should not get an HSG.
When would a hysterosalpingogram be needed?
An HSG can help the physician determine whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked. This information can assist the provider in diagnosing fertility issues. Open fallopian tubes provide a clear channel for conception. To fertilize an egg, sperm passes through the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg (embryo) moves to the uterus through the fallopian tubes, where it can grow and develop into a healthy fetus.
Blocked fallopian tubes obstruct these processes and are a leading cause of infertility. An HSG will also enable the provider to:
- Examine the outcome of a tubal ligation or tubal reversal : An HSG can determine whether a tubal ligation treatment successfully can close the fallopian tubes, preventing pregnancy. It can also indicate whether or not the procedure was successfully reversed.
- Plan for further imaging : An HSG can detect uterine anomalies (fibroids, aberrant shape) that the provider can utilize to prepare for additional imaging, such as sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. A sonohysterogram can refine the results of an HSG and provide a final diagnosis, whereas a hysteroscopy can treat specific uterine disorders.
Who performs a hysterosalpingogram?
An HSG can be performed by a gynecologist,radiologist, or reproductive endocrinologist. After this, a radiologist will review the X-rays and prepare a report to inform the doctor of the results.
How does the procedure work?
A dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes during an HSG. On an X-ray, the dye generates an outline of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
How do I prepare for a hysterosalpingogram?
To prepare for the procedure, follow the instructions provided by the health provider. The provider may recommend you to:
- An hour before the treatment, take an over-the-counter pain reliever.
- To avoid infection, take antibiotics before hand.
You might be able to drive by yourself .But if you have cramps driving may be difficult. It's a good idea to have someone along if something goes wrong.
Is a hysterosalpingogram painful?
Moderate pain or discomfort is common with an HSG before and after the operation. When the provider inserts the dye solution into the uterus, you may experience cramping. When the tubes become blocked, people may suffer more cramping.
The cramping could continue from five minutes to many hours following the surgery. It could be minor or moderate. Over-the-counter NSAIDs can help relieve cramping.
What to expect after the test?
You may need to wear a pad after the test to catch any leftover dye solution that escapes the vagina. The discharge is frequently sticky and contains small amounts of blood. You may also experience the following side effects:
- Dizziness
- Cramps
- Vaginal bleeding for a day or two
- Upset stomach or nausea
Depending on your comfort level, you may continue all normal activities immediately after the HSG.
What are the risks of this test?
The level of radiation used by an HSG to record X-ray images is minimal. HSG test is not risky . But, below are instances of uncommon complications:
- Injury to the uterus
- Infection
- An allergic reaction to the dye solution
HSG results
The provider will inform you of the results and advise you on the next steps. If the HSG reveals a blockage, the doctor may suggest other treatments, such as laparoscopy, to identify and treat the problem. However, they may recommend fertility therapies that do not necessitate clean fallopian tubes, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
When should I call my doctor?
Contact the physician if you observe any of the following symptoms, which could indicate an infection:
Is it safe to become pregnant immediately after an HSG test?
In general, it is safe to try to conceive within a few days of having an HSG. To be sure, check with the service provider.
