Toothache: Emergency Causes and Solutions

Tooth pulp, which has nerves and blood vessels, can get irritated or infected because of these cavities or any cracks in the tooth, leading to pain. If you are experiencing severe tooth pain, consult with a dentist for effective treatments.

Toothache Causes

Problems with the teeth or jaw cause tooth pain. Toothache can range from moderately unpleasant to exaggeratedly painful.

• Tooth damage:Chipped, broken teeth, damaged fillings, crowns or implants can cause tooth pain.
• Cavities (Caries):Decay penetrates enamel and dentin, leading to tooth pain. Abscesses and infections of the tooth nerve and pulp can cause severe pain.
• Gum disease:Gingivitisand periodontitis can lead to gum and tooth pain due to inflammation and pockets forming around the teeth.
• Damaged or fractured tooth:Fractures can expose sensitive parts of the tooth, causing pain during biting or chewing.
• Sinusitis:Inflammation of sinus cavities can make upper molars tender, resembling toothache.
• Cluster headache:Pressure from cluster headaches can cause tooth pain.
• Heart attack:Radiating pain to the lower jaw can mimic toothache during a heart attack.
• Diabetes:Uncontrolled blood sugar increases cavity risk.
• Nerve diseases:Trigeminal neuralgia causes sharp facial pain.
• Drug abuse:Methamphetamine abuse can lead to toothache.
• Vitamin Deficiency:Low vitamin B12 levels are associated with tooth pain.

Toothache Symptoms

A toothache can range from a mild irritation to a sharp, severe pain that disrupts daily life. Recognizing the symptoms early can help you seek timely treatment and prevent complications.

Common symptoms of a toothache include:

• Sharp, throbbing or constant pain in or around the tooth
• Swelling in the gums or around the affected tooth
• Sensitivity to hot, cold or sweet foods and drinks
• Pain while chewing or biting down
• A foul taste or odor in the mouth (may indicate infection)
• Fever or headache in more severe cases
• Red or bleeding gums if gum disease is involved

If the pain persists for more than a day or is accompanied by swelling or fever, it is best to consult a dentist.

When to See a Doctor?

If your toothache is severe or the result of a more serious medical condition, see your dentist so that it can be treated appropriately. Many toothaches will require medical attention. An over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, may help you until you visit a dentist.

You should also consult a dentist if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Fever
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• General pain lasting more than a day or two
• Swelling
• Pain when biting
• Abnormally red gums
• Bad-tasting discharge or pus

Toothache Diagnosis

Your dentist will assess the source of your tooth pain step by step, beginning with a medical background.

• Physical Examination:Check for swelling, tenderness and inflammation in your face, mouth and gums.
• Dental Examination:Look for cavities and signs of infection in your teeth.
• Imaging:X-rays are used to identify hidden issues. CT scans or MRIs are used for severe cases, such as Ludwig's angina or cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Toothache Treatment

Treatment of toothache depends on the cause.

• Cavity treatment:The dentist patches the cavity or extracts the tooth if it causes toothache.
• Root canal:If the cause is an infection of the tooth's nerve, aroot canalmay be needed.
• Antibiotics:If there's fever or mouth swelling, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat infection.

Toothache Home Remedies

• Saltwater Rinse:
  Combine 1/2 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water.
  Swish the mixture around your mouth for 30 seconds and then spit it out.
  This method helps to cleanse the area and reduce inflammation.
• Cold Compress:
  Wrap ice or a cold pack in a towel and apply it to the outside of your cheek for 15-20 minutes.
  Using a cold compress can numb the area and reduce swelling.
• Clove Oil:
  Apply a small amount of clove oil on a cotton ball and place it on the affected tooth.
  Clove oil contains eugenol, a natural anaesthetic and antibacterial compound.
• Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse (3% Solution):
  Mix equal parts of hydrogen peroxide and water.
  Swish the solution around your mouth and then spit it out.
  This mixture can help reduce bacteria and alleviate discomfort.

Prevention of Toothache

You can treat most sore throats at home. Get enough rest to give your immune system a chance to fight infection.

To get relief from a sore throat, you can follow the below suggestions:

• Brush your teeth gently twice daily with a soft-bristle brush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss daily
• Drink fluoridated water
• Have regular professional dental cleanings
• Replace your toothbrush every three to four months or more often.
• Avoid smoking
• Eat a balanced and regular diet rich in fruits, vegetables, protein, and fatty fish and minimize the intake of foods or beverages rich in sugar.

Using a cold compress can help relieve toothache.

A simple saltwater rinse is a common home remedy for toothaches.

Drinking peppermint tea or sucking on peppermint tea bags can also help temporarily relieve toothache.

Garlic is a common household spice some people use to ease toothache.

Soft Foods for Toothache

Eating the wrong foods can worsen toothache pain. Stick to soft, soothing options that do not require much chewing and won’t irritate the sensitive area.

Toothache-friendly soft food options include:

• Mashed potatoes: Soft and easy to eat, they can be enjoyed warm.
• Yogurt: A cool and creamy option that's gentle on the stomach and good for your gut.
• Scrambled eggs: Soft and packed with protein, they're easy to chew and good for sore mouths.
• Oatmeal: A warm and nutritious choice that’s gentle on the teeth.
• Smoothies: Blend soft fruits like bananas or berries with yogurt or milk for a tasty drink.
• Soup or broth: Warm liquids that are simple to swallow and keep you hydrated.
• Cooked vegetables: Softened carrots, spinach or pumpkin make for easy-to-eat options.
• Cottage cheese or tofu: Soft and mild-tasting, they are great sources of protein.

Avoid crunchy, hard, hot, or spicy foods as they can worsen the pain or damage the affected tooth further.