Loperamide Tablet: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and Safety

Loperamide is a commonly used anti-diarrheal medication that helps manage sudden or chronic diarrhea by slowing the movement of the bowel muscles.

It is particularly effective in treating sudden (acute) diarrhea and managing long-term diarrhea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Although loperamide is chemically related to narcotics like morphine, it has no pain-relieving effects, even at high doses.

What Are the Uses of Loperamide Tablet?

Loperamide offers quick and effective relief from diarrhea by controlling bowel movement frequency and stool consistency.

Conditions Loperamide Treats

• Acute diarrhea.
• Chronic diarrhea (including in IBD patients).
• Diarrhea following ileostomy surgery.

Secondary Uses of Loperamide

• Helps reduce stool frequency and output in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
• Can be used alongside other therapies to manage persistent diarrhea.

How Does Loperamide Work (Mechanism of Action)?

This medicine helps by slowing down intestinal movement, allowing more water to be absorbed and making stools less watery.

Loperamide works by acting on opioid receptors in the gut, reducing peristalsis (gut contractions). However, it doesn't affect the brain or cause dependence.

Dosage for Loperamide

Loperamide is available in the following dosage forms:

• Tablet: Commonly available as 2 mg tablets.
• Capsule: Also available in 2 mg strength.
• Oral Suspension / Syrup: Typically used for children or those who have difficulty swallowing tablets.
• Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT): Melts on the tongue, convenient for people who cannot swallow pills.
• Chewable Tablet: Suitable for children or adults who prefer chewable options.

Adult Dosage:

• Initial dose: 4 mg followed by 2 mg per loose stool
• Maximum daily dose: 16 mg (8 mg if self-medicating)
• Chronic diarrhea: 4-8 mg per day after control is achieved

Children (Acute Diarrhea):

• 8 to 12 years: 2 mg three times a day
• 6 to 8 years: 2 mg twice a day

Always follow your doctor's advice for the correct dosage, especially for children or long-term use to avoid complications.

How to Take Loperamide

• Loperamide is available in multiple forms, including tablet, capsule, and liquid, to be taken by mouth.
• Swallow tablets/capsules with water. Chewables should be chewed before swallowing.
• It can be taken with or without food.
• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration caused by diarrhea.
• Non-prescription loperamide is usually taken after each loose stool.
• Do not exceed the maximum 24-hour dosage mentioned on the product label.
• Prescription loperamide may be taken on a specific schedule as directed by your doctor.

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose of Loperamide?

Missing one or two doses of loperamide typically doesn't cause any issues. However, take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it's near the time for the next dose. Do not double the dose.

What Happens in Case of an Overdose?

An overdose of loperamide can cause serious effects. Seek immediate medical attention, If you suspect an overdose.

Overdose Symptoms Include:

• Irregular heartbeat
• Fainting
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe drowsiness

In case of emergency, you may visit our Medicover Hospitals.

What Are the Side Effects of Loperamide?

Most people tolerate loperamide well, but like any medicine, it may cause side effects ranging from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Constipation
• Fatigue

Serious But Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reactions (rash, hives, itching)
• Peeling
• Blistering skin
• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Fever
• Stomach pain
• Swelling
• Bloody stools

If you experience any serious symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Most people do not experience side effects, but seek medical help if you do. For ongoing diarrhea, please consult our Gastroenterology specialists.

Precautions and Warnings for Loperamide

Before taking loperamide, talk to your doctor if you are allergic to it or other medications. This product may contain inactive ingredients that can cause allergic reactions.

Do not use this medication if you have certain medical conditions. Consult your doctor if you have:

• Stomach pain
• Abdominal pain
• Bowel obstruction

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

• There are no adequate studies on loperamide in pregnant women, but animal studies with high doses have not shown significant adverse effects on the fetus.
• Doctors may recommend loperamide during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh potential risks.

Are There Any Age Restrictions for Using Loperamide?

Loperamide is not recommended for children under 6 years unless prescribed by a pediatrician due to risk of serious side effects.

Alcohol or Food Interactions

There are no specific food restrictions, but avoid alcohol as it may increase dizziness or drowsiness when taking loperamide.

Drug Interactions with Loperamide

Combining loperamide with certain medications may affect how it works or increase side effects-always inform your doctor of all current medicines.

May Interact With:

• Ritonavir (for HIV)
• Quinidine
• Certain antibiotics
• Antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole)
• Herbal remedies or supplements (e.g., St. John's Wort)

How Should Loperamide Be Stored?

Store this medication'safely to maintain its effectiveness and reduce the risk of accidental ingestion by children or pets.

• Store at room temperature (68°F 77°F / 20°C 25°C)
• Keep away from heat, air, and light
• Always keep out of reach of children and pets
• Properly dispose of expired or unused medication

Loperamide vs Dicyclomine

References