Bezoars: Types, Symptoms and Risks

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr A Venkateshwar Rao , Gastroenterologists Medical

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Bezoars are solid masses formed in the digestive tract from ingested material that cannot be digested or passed through the system. These masses can cause blockages or irritation in the stomach or intestines, leading to potential health complications.

What Are the Types of Bezoars?

Bezoars are masses formed of foreign material that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract. They can vary in composition, with different types classified based on the materials they are composed of. Understanding the various forms of bezoars is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Trichobezoar: A bezoar formed from hair accumulation in the stomach, often seen in individuals with trichotillomania or trichophagia.
Phytobezoar: A mass of undigested plant material that can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract, commonly associated with highfiber diets or certain fruits.
Pharmacobezoar: Caused by the accumulation of medications or pills in the stomach, leading to potential gastrointestinal issues or blockages.
Lactobezoar: A rare type of bezoar composed of undigested milk proteins, typically found in newborns or infants fed with formula.
Trichophytobezoar: A combination of hair and plant material that can form a bezoar, potentially causing gastrointestinal symptoms and requiring medical intervention for removal.

What Are the Symptoms of Bezoars?

Bezoars are a medical condition that can present with various symptoms. These symptoms typically relate to digestive issues and discomfort. It is important to be aware of the general nature of these symptoms and to seek appropriate medical attention if needed.

Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Feeling full quickly after eating
Weight loss

What Are the Causes of Bezoars?

Bezoars are masses formed in the digestive tract that can lead to blockages. They can result from various factors, including certain dietary habits, previous surgeries, medications, or medical conditions. These causes contribute to the formation of bezoars by affecting the digestion and movement of food through the gastrointestinal system. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause is crucial in managing and preventing bezoar formation.

When to See a Doctor for Bezoars?

If you suspect a bezoar, consult a gastroenterologist or primary care physician promptly. Early professional evaluation prevents complications such as obstruction, bleeding, or perforation that require emergency intervention.

You should see a doctor if you have:

Persistent nausea, vomiting, or feeling full after eating only small amounts of food
Unexplained abdominal pain, bloating, or a noticeable mass in your stomach area
Difficulty swallowing or ongoing digestive problems despite dietary changes

Get medical help immediately if:

Severe abdominal pain with vomiting that won't stop or contains blood
Complete inability to pass stool or gas, indicating possible bowel obstruction
Black, tarry stools or vomiting blood, suggesting gastrointestinal bleeding

These could be signs of a serious complication like intestinal obstruction.

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How Are Bezoars Diagnosed?

Bezoars are typically diagnosed using various methods to determine their presence in the digestive tract. Healthcare professionals may use a combination of physical exams, medical history reviews, and imaging tests to diagnose bezoars.

These diagnostic tools can provide valuable insights into the size, location, and composition of the bezoar, aiding in the development of an appropriate treatment plan. By utilizing these diagnostic approaches, healthcare providers can accurately identify and address bezoars in patients.

Physical Examination
Medical History Assessment
Imaging Studies (X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound)
Upper Endoscopy
Blood Tests

What Are the Treatment Options for Bezoars?

Bezoars are solid masses formed in the stomach or intestines, often composed of undigested material. Treatment options for bezoars typically depend on the size, location, and composition of the bezoar.

In general, treatment may involve dietary changes, medications, endoscopic procedures, or surgery. Dietary modifications may include increasing fiber intake or avoiding certain foods. Medications can help dissolve the bezoar or improve gastric motility.

Endoscopic removal: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to locate and extract the bezoar from the digestive tract.
Medication: Certain medications can be prescribed to help dissolve the bezoar, making it easier to pass through the digestive system.
Enzyme therapy: Enzyme supplements may help break down the bezoar, aiding its digestion and elimination.
Surgery: In severe cases or when other treatments are ineffective, surgical removal of the bezoar may be necessary.
Dietary changes: Adding more fiber and fluids can help prevent the formation of bezoars and promote their natural passage through the digestive system.

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What Are the Risk Factors of Bezoars?

Bezoars are masses formed in the stomach or intestines from indigestible materials. Several factors increase the risk of developing bezoars. Understanding these risk factors can aid in prevention and timely management.

Risk factors for Bezoars:

Previous gastrointestinal surgery
Poor chewing habits
Eating disorders
Certain medical conditions, like diabetes
Low fiber diet

What Is the Recovery Process for Bezoars?

Recovery from a bezoar depends on its size, location, underlying cause, and the treatment used. Most people recover well after the bezoar is successfully removed through medication, endoscopy, or surgery. Preventing recurrence is an important part of long-term recovery.

Follow your healthcare provider's dietary recommendations, including eating smaller meals and chewing food thoroughly.
Drink adequate fluids to support healthy digestion and reduce the risk of future bezoar formation.
Take prescribed medications as directed to improve stomach emptying or manage underlying digestive disorders.
If an endoscopic or surgical procedure was performed, follow postoperative instructions and gradually return to your normal diet and activities.
Manage underlying conditions such as diabetes, gastroparesis, or previous stomach surgery that may increase the risk of recurrence.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, difficulty swallowing, fever, or signs of bowel obstruction after treatment.