Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Mopidevi Raghuvarma, Consultant General Medicine

Bactrim Syrup Uses: What It Treats & How It Works

Bactrim Syrup is a widely used antibiotic medication prescribed for the treatment of various bacterial infections. It contains a powerful combination of two antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim which work together to stop the growth of bacteria.

This combination is available in both tablet and syrup forms, with the syrup being particularly suitable for children or those who have difficulty swallowing tablets.

Doctors frequently recommend Bactrim syrup due to its broad-spectrum activity, proven effectiveness and versatility in managing a range of infections. It is especially useful in treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections and gastrointestinal infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

In this article, we'll explore the key uses of Bactrim syrup, how it works and the types of infections it is most commonly prescribed for.

How Does Bactrim Syrup Work?

Bactrim syrup inhibits bacteria's production of folic acid, which is essential for their growth and survival.

The two antibiotics in Bactrim syrup work together to block different steps in the production of folic acid, making it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance to the medication.

This makes Bactrim syrup a highly effective treatment for a wide range of bacterial infections.

Mechanism of Action

The combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in Bactrim syrup interferes with the bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid and tetrahydrofolic acid two forms of folic acid that bacteria require for DNA replication and cell division.

By inhibiting these processes, Bactrim effectively hampers bacterial growth and multiplication.

Advantage Over Single Antibiotic Treatments

Using two antibiotics in combination, as with Bactrim syrup, can be more effective than a single antibiotic therapy. This approach reduces the risk of bacteria developing resistance to the antibiotics, as they would need to mutate in two different ways simultaneously which is less likely to occur.

Scope of Bacterial Susceptibility

Bactrim syrup is broad-spectrum, meaning it is effective against a diverse range of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This makes it a versatile option in the clinician's arsenal against bacterial infections.

Common Uses for Both Bactrim Suspension & Syrup:

Bactrim Syrup is commonly used to treat bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, ear infections and bronchitis, etc.

It is also effective against certain types of diarrhea and pneumonia caused by specific bacteria.

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs are one of the most common infections, especially in women. They occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and cause inflammation and infection. Bactrim syrup is often prescriBactrim Syrup Uses to treat UTIs caused by E. coli and other bacteria.

Symptoms of a UTI can include a robust and persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation when urinating, passing frequent, small amounts of urine and cloudy or strong-smelling urine. In some cases, there may also be pelvic pain in women, especially in the centre of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone.

By inhibiting bacterial growth, Bactrim syrup alleviates the symptoms of UTIs and eradicates the infection. It is particularly effective against the common bacteria that cause UTIs, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).

The recommended dosage for UTIs is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 10-14 days. Completing the full course of treatment is important to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent recurrence.

2. Respiratory Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections are infections that affect the lungs, throat and sinuses. Bacteria, viruses or fungi cause them and can cause symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing and fever. Bactrim syrup is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria.

Respiratory infections can range from mild conditions like the common cold to more severe diseases such as pneumonia. Bactrim syrup is often used for bacterial bronchitis, pneumonia and sinusitis, among other respiratory infections.

Bactrim syrup is effective against a variety of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Its broad-spectrum activity ensures coverage against common respiratory pathogens.

The dosage for respiratory tract infections is usually one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 5-10 days depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to the medication.

3. Gastrointestinal Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, also known as stomach or intestinal infections, are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. These infections can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Bactrim syrup is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal infections include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps and fever. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can lead to dehydration if not treated promptly.

Bactrim syrup is particularly effective against bacterial causes of gastrointestinal infections, such as Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter. It helps reduce the duration and severity of the symptoms.

The recommended dosage for gastrointestinal infections is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 5-10 days. As with other diseases completing the entire course of treatment is crucial for the best outcome.

4. Skin Infections

Bactrim syrup is also used to treat skin infections caused by bacteria, such as staphylococcus and streptococcus. These infections can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling and pain.

Skin infections that can be treated with Bactrim syrup include cellulitis, wound infections and abscesses. Bactrim can also be effective against certain types of acne caused by bacterial overgrowth.

Bactrim syrup is often prescribed for skin infections that are resistant to other antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It can be a valuable treatment option when other antibiotics fail.

The recommended dosage for skin infections is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 5-10 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

5. Ear Infections

Ear infections are common in children and can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Bactrim syrup is commonly prescriBactrim Syrup Uses to treat ear infections caused by bacteria.

Otitis media and otitis externa are two types of ear infections that can benefit from treatment with Bactrim syrup. Otitis media affects the middle ear while otitis externa affects the ear canal.

Common bacterial causes of ear infections include Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Bactrim syrup helps eradicate these bacteria and reduce inflammation and pain associated with ear infections.

The recommended dosage for ear infections is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 5-10 days. Adherence to the prescriBactrim Syrup Uses treatment duration is essential especially in children to prevent complications.

6. Traveller's Diarrhea

Traveller's diarrhea is a common condition that affects people when they travel to different parts of the world. Bacteria cause it and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever.

Traveller's diarrhea is often caused by consuming contaminated food or water. The most common bacterial culprits include E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella. Symptoms usually begin abruptly and can disrupt travel plans.

Bactrim syrup is often prescriBactrim Syrup Uses to treat travelers' diarrhea caused by susceptible bacteria. It can quickly reduce symptoms and help restore normal bowel function.

The recommended dosage for traveler's diarrhea is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 3-5 days. Due to the acute nature of the infection, shorter treatment courses are often practical.

Bactrim syrup side effects

Bactrim syrup is generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, it can cause side effects in some people. The most common side effects of Bactrim syrup include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and allergic reactions.

Common Side Effects

Patients may experience side effects when taking Bactrim syrup, including gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and mild allergic reactions, like rash or itching. These side effects are generally not severe and often resolve on their own.

Serious Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

In rare cases, Bactrim syrup can cause more severe side effects, such as liver or kidney damage, anaemia and low white blood cell count. Severe allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis, can also occur and require immediate medical attention.

Monitoring and Managing Side Effects

Consult your doctor if you experience any side effects while taking Bactrim syrup. Your doctor may adjust your dosage or switch you to a different medication if necessary. Staying hydrated and taking the drug with food can help minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

Recommended Dosage for Bactrim Syrup

The recommended dosage for Bactrim syrup depends on the type and severity of the infection being treated. The standard dosage for adults is one Bactrim syrup tablet or one teaspoon of syrup every 12 hours for 5-10 days.

1. Dosage for Adults

Standard Dose: Adults typically take one teaspoon (5 mL) of Bactrim Syrup (40 mg trimethoprim and 200 mg sulfamethoxazole) every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days, depending on the infection, such as urinary tract or respiratory infections.

Adjustments: For severe infections, like Pneumocystis pneumonia, a doctor may prescribe higher doses.

2. Pediatric Dosage

Bactrim Syrup dose for child: The dosage is weight-based, typically 8 mg/kg trimethoprim and 40 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole per day, divided into two doses every 12 hours. For example, a 10 kg child might receive 2.5-5 mL twice daily, based on the syrup's concentration.

Duration: Treatment usually lasts 5 to 10 days for infections like ear or urinary tract infections.

Bactrim Syrup uses for babies: In infants over 2 months, Bactrim Syrup for child may be prescribed for infections like urinary tract infections, but only under a pediatrician's close supervision. It's generally not used in infants under 2 months.

Importance of Completing the Full Course

It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and complete the entire course of treatment, even if you start feeling better. Stopping the medication early can lead to a relapse of the infection and increase the risk of resistant bacteria developing.

Precautions Before Using Bactrim Syrup

Before taking Bactrim syrup it's essential to understand the safety guidelines and possible risks associated with its use. Proper evaluation by a healthcare provider helps avoid complications and ensures effective treatment.

Who Should Avoid It?

Bactrim syrup should be avoided by individuals with a history of allergic reactions to sulfa drugs or those with certain pre-existing health conditions. Children under 2 months of age should not be given Bactrim unless specifically directed by a doctor.

Allergies to Sulfa Drugs

People who are allergic to sulfonamide-containing medications should not take Bactrim. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it may cause life-threatening skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Liver and Kidney Issues

Patients with significant liver or kidney impairment may need dosage adjustments or should avoid Bactrim altogether. The drug is processed through these organs and reduced function can lead to toxic buildup in the body.

Drug Interactions

Bactrim syrup can interact with several other medications, increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of one or both drugs.

Medications to Avoid

Always inform your doctor of all prescription medications you're taking before starting Bactrim syrup.

Herbal or OTC Products That May Interfere

Is It Safe for Pregnant Women?

Bactrim is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and near delivery. It may affect folic acid metabolism, which is crucial for fetal development. If treatment is absolutely necessary it should only be used under strict medical supervision.

Breastfeeding Considerations

Bactrim passes into breast milk and may affect a nursing infant, particularly those who are premature or have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Nursing mothers should consult their healthcare provider to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing the medication while breastfeeding.

Bactrim Syrup Storage

Bactrim syrup should be stored at room temperature, away from heat and moisture and out of the reach of children and pets.

1. Proper Storage Conditions

To maintain its effectiveness, Bactrim syrup should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. The bottle should be tightly closed when not in use.

2. Checking Expiration Date

It is essential to check the expiration date on the bottle before using Bactrim syrup. Expired medications can lose their potency and may not be effective in treating your infection.

3. Disposal of Expired or Unused Medication

Do not use Bactrim syrup if it has expired or if it looks discoloured or cloudy. Unused or expired Bactrim syrup should be disposed of properly, following local regulations for medication disposal to ensure environmental safety.

Frequently Asked Questions

Disclaimer:The information provided is accurate and up-to-date to the best of our knowledge. However, it should not be considered a substitute for medical advice or consultation. We do not guarantee its completeness or accuracy. The absence of specific warnings does not mean a medicine is safe for all users. We are not responsible for any outcomes based on this information and strongly recommend consulting a doctor for any medical concerns or questions.