Side Effects of Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole is a commonly prescribed medication used to treat mental health issues like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. It can be highly effective in controlling symptoms like hallucinations, mood swings and agitation, but sometimes it can also cause side effects. It’s important to be aware of these potential side effects to use the medication safely and effectively.

In this article, we explore what aripiprazole is, why it’s prescribed and what side effects you should be aware of during treatment.

What Is Aripiprazole?

Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic medicine, meaning it works differently from older antipsychotic drugs. It helps restore the balance of certain brain chemicals, particularly dopamine and serotonin, which affect mood, behaviour and thinking. Aripiprazole is available under brand names like Abilify and is used to treat a range of psychiatric disorders. It can come in tablet form, orally disintegrating tablets, liquid solution or long-acting injection.

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Why is Aripiprazole Prescribed?

Doctors prescribe aripiprazole to treat or manage several mental health problems like:

Schizophrenia: It can help reduce symptoms like hallucinations, delusions and disorganised thinking.
Bipolar I Disorder: It is used to treat manic or mixed episodes and sometimes as maintenance therapy to prevent relapse.
Major Depressive Disorder: It is also prescribed along with antidepressants when symptoms aren’t fully controlled by antidepressants alone.
Irritability Associated with Autism: It can help control aggressive behaviour, temper tantrums and self-harm in children and teenagers with autism.
Tourette’s Syndrome: In certain cases, it is used to help manage tics and behavioural issues related to this condition.

Aripiprazole Side Effects

What Are the Common Side Effects of Aripiprazole?

Many people taking aripiprazole experience mild and temporary side effects, especially during the first few weeks of treatment as the body adjusts. Some common side effects you might experience include:

Nausea or Vomiting: Mild stomach upset or queasiness may occur, especially when starting the medication.
Headache: Headaches are frequently reported but usually improve over time.
Anxiety or Agitation: Some individuals may feel nervous, restless or slightly irritable during the early stages.
Dizziness: A light-headed feeling or slight dizziness may occur, especially when standing up quickly.
Constipation: Slower digestion is a possible side effect; drinking more fluids and eating fiber-rich foods may help.
Blurred Vision: Temporary changes in vision can occur, especially with higher doses.
Restlessness (Akathisia): A common side effect where the person feels an uncontrollable urge to move, especially in the legs.
Insomnia or Sleep Disturbances: Some people may find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep while adjusting to the medication.

These side effects are generally manageable and often decrease over time, but if they persist or worsen, consult your doctor.

What Are the Serious Side Effects of Aripiprazole?

Although rare, serious side effects can occur and require immediate medical help. These include:

Tardive Dyskinesia: A condition involving involuntary, repetitive movements, usually of the face, lips or limbs. This risk increases with long-term use.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): A life-threatening reaction marked by high fever, stiff muscles, confusion and rapid heartbeat. This is a medical emergency.
High Blood Sugar: Aripiprazole can raise blood sugar levels, particularly in people with diabetes or a family history of it. Watch for signs like increased thirst, frequent urination or fatigue.
Seizures (Rare): Some individuals with a seizure history can be at increased risk.
Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviour: Particularly in young adults, teens or children, the medicine can increase the risk of suicidal thinking, especially during the initial treatment phase.
Unusual Behavioural Changes or Hallucinations: In some cases, patients may experience paranoia, hallucinations, aggression or confusion.

If any of these serious symptoms appear, seek immediate medical help or contact your doctor.

Long-Term Side Effects of Aripiprazole

If you use aripiprazole long-term, it may cause long-term effects in some individuals. While many tolerate it well, monitoring is important for:

Weight Gain and Metabolic Changes: Although aripiprazole has a lower risk of weight gain compared to some antipsychotics, long-term use may still lead to increased body weight, cholesterol or blood sugar.
Hormonal Imbalances: In rare cases, the medication may affect hormone levels that cause menstrual changes, reduced libido or breast changes.
Movement Disorders: Long-term use can increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia or other involuntary movements, even after stopping the medication.
Cognitive or Emotional Changes: Some users report dullness, emotional blunting or reduced motivation over time.
Dependence or Withdrawal Effects: While not addictive, suddenly stopping aripiprazole can lead to withdrawal symptoms like insomnia, nausea and anxiety.

Who is at Higher Risk of Aripiprazole Side Effects?

While aripiprazole is generally well-tolerated, some people can be at a higher risk of experiencing side effects like:

Older adults with dementia-related psychosis are at increased risk of stroke or death when treated with antipsychotics like aripiprazole.
Younger patients are more prone to side effects like agitation, sleep problems and suicidal thoughts.
Individuals with diabetes or obesity
People with a history of seizures
Patients with heart conditions
Those taking other psychiatric medications
People with liver dysfunction may experience stronger effects or slower drug clearance.

Tips to Manage and Monitor Side Effects

Managing side effects early can improve treatment success and reduce discomfort. Here are helpful tips for patients:

Start with a lower dose under medical supervision to minimise side effects.
Staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet can help reduce dizziness, constipation and weight-related issues.
Track your symptoms to note any physical or emotional changes after starting aripiprazole.
Schedule regular health checks to monitor blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure and weight periodically.
Take medicine at the Same Time Daily
Avoid alcohol and certain medications can worsen side effects or reduce the effectiveness of aripiprazole.
Don’t stop suddenly to avoid future complications.
Stay active to help manage weight gain, restlessness and mood-related symptoms.

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Conclusion

Aripiprazole is an effective medication for treating various mental health conditions, but like all medicines, it can cause side effects from mild symptoms like nausea and restlessness to serious conditions like tardive dyskinesia or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.

Some individuals like the elderly, young adults or those with pre-existing health issues can be at higher risk. With regular monitoring, proper dosing, and open communication with your doctor, most side effects can be effectively managed.

Always follow your doctor’s guidance and discuss any unusual symptoms immediately for safe and successful treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common side effects of aripiprazole include nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Some people may also experienceweight gain, dry mouth, or restlessness.

Weight gain is less common with aripiprazole compared to some other antipsychotics, but it can still occur. Patients should monitor their weight regularly and discuss any significant changes with their healthcare provider.

Yes, insomnia is a possible side effect of aripiprazole. If sleep disturbances occur, it's important to consult a healthcare provider to manage and address these symptoms.

Akathisia is a condition characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and an uncontrollable urge to move. It can indeed be caused by aripiprazole, and if symptoms arise, it is important to seek medical advice for appropriate management.