What is Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?
A hysteroscopic polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove polyps from the inner lining of the uterus, also called the endometrium.
Polyps are soft, overgrown tissues that can develop inside the uterus. While many are harmless, they may sometimes lead to:
- Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)
- Pelvic discomfort or pain
During the procedure, doctors use a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube inserted through the vagina and cervix, allowing them to see inside the uterus in real time. Special surgical tools can then be passed through the hysteroscope to remove the polyps precisely.
Because no external cuts are made, patients usually experience:
- Faster recovery
- Less pain compared to open surgery
- Minimal or no scarring inside the uterus
Types of Hysteroscopic Polypectomy
The choice of the hysteroscopic polypectomy technique is not the same for every patient. Doctors decide which approach to use after evaluating several factors, including:
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy with Polypectomy
- Used when polyps are discovered during a diagnostic hysteroscopy.
- Small polyps can often be removed immediately in the same sitting, avoiding the need for a second procedure.
Operative Hysteroscopic Polypectomy
- Recommended for larger or multiple polyps.
- Involves the use of surgical instruments such as scissors, graspers, or resectoscopes for complete removal.
Resection with Electrosurgery
- Used for polyps that are large or firmly attached to the uterine wall.
- A special device with electric current cuts and seals tissue at the same time, reducing the risk of bleeding and recurrence.
15-60 Minutes
Surgery Duration
Local or Generl Anesthesia
Anesthesia Used
1-2 Weeks
Full Recovery Timeline
When is Hysteroscopic Polypectomy Recommended?
Hysteroscopic polypectomy is advised when endometrial polyps (small, soft growths inside the uterus) cause symptoms or affect reproductive health. While some polyps remain harmless, others can interfere with fertility, cause abnormal bleeding, or rarely, show pre-cancerous changes. Surgery is usually recommended in the following situations:
Heavy or Irregular Menstrual Bleeding
Polyps can disturb the normal lining of the uterus. This often leads to:
- Prolonged or heavy periods
- Bleeding between menstrual cycles
- Spotting after intercourse
Removing the polyps helps restore normal menstrual flow and prevents anemia from long-term blood loss.
Infertility Related to Uterine Polyps
Polyps can block the passage of sperm, interfere with embryo implantation, or create an unhealthy environment in the uterus. Studies show that removing them improves the chances of natural conception and increases success rates of fertility treatments like IVF.
Recurrent Miscarriages
For some women, untreated polyps are linked to repeated pregnancy losses. Surgical removal reduces this risk and improves the chances of carrying a pregnancy to full term.
Postmenopausal Bleeding
Any bleeding after menopause requires medical attention. In many cases, uterine polyps are the cause. Since postmenopausal bleeding can sometimes indicate cancer, doctors recommend hysteroscopic removal to both treat the problem and rule out serious conditions.
Persistent Pelvic Discomfort or Pain
Although less common, larger polyps may cause cramping, pelvic heaviness, or discomfort. Removing them not only relieves symptoms but also prevents further complications.
How to Prepare for Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?
Proper preparation helps the surgery go smoothly and supports a faster recovery. Both physical readiness and emotional comfort play an important role.
Medical Evaluation & Tests
Before the procedure, your doctor may recommend:
- Blood tests to check blood count, clotting ability, and general health.
- Ultrasound to confirm the size and location of the uterine polyp.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) often advised for patients over 40 or those with heart conditions.
- Other tests - may include urine analysis or hormone levels if needed.
These tests help rule out risks and ensure you are fit for anesthesia.
Lifestyle Adjustments
Certain habits can affect healing and anesthesia safety. Your doctor may suggest:
- Stop smoking at least 1-2 weeks before surgery, as it delays healing.
- Avoid alcohol for at least 48 hours before the procedure.
- Discuss medications with your doctor. Blood thinners, aspirin, or certain herbal supplements may need to be paused.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins, and fluids to support recovery.
Home Preparation
Since hysteroscopic polypectomy is usually a day-care procedure, you will return home the same day. Prepare by:
- Arranging for a family member or friend to accompany you.
- Keeping your home ready with sanitary pads, light meals, and any prescribed medicines.
- Wearing loose, comfortable clothing on the day of surgery.
Day Before & Day of Surgery
- Fasting - If general anesthesia is planned, you will need to avoid food and drink for 6-8 hours before surgery.
- Shower with mild soap the night before or the morning of surgery.
- Avoid lotions, perfumes, and nail polish, as they can interfere with monitoring equipment.
- Bring medical reports and a list of current medications with you.
What Happens During Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?
Hysteroscopic polypectomy is a minimally invasive and safe procedure used to remove uterine polyps. It is usually performed as a day-care surgery, meaning patients can go home the same day. The entire process is carried out under direct vision with the help of a hysteroscope, which allows the doctor to see inside the uterus clearly.
Hysteroscopic Polypectomy Procedure Steps
Preparation and Anesthesia
- Before the procedure, routine checks such as blood tests or ultrasound may be done.
- Depending on the case, either local anesthesia (numbing the cervix) or general anesthesia (patient asleep) is given.
- The type of anesthesia is decided based on the patient's comfort, medical history, and the size of the polyp.
Hysteroscope Insertion
- A thin, lighted hysteroscope (about the size of a pencil) is gently passed through the vagina and cervix into the uterus.
- Saline or another clear fluid is used to slightly expand the uterus, which improves visibility.
- This step ensures the surgeon can view the entire uterine cavity in detail.
Polyp Removal
- Using special miniature surgical instruments passed through the hysteroscope, the doctor carefully detaches the polyp from the uterine lining.
- In some cases, a morcellator (a device that cuts and removes tissue) may be used for larger polyps.
- The removed tissue is often sent for laboratory testing to rule out abnormal or precancerous cells.
No Need for Stitches
- Since the instruments are introduced through natural openings (vagina and cervix), no cuts are made on the abdomen.
- This means no external stitches, minimal pain, and faster recovery.
Recovery Room Monitoring
- After the procedure, patients are moved to a recovery area.
- They are usually observed for 1-3 hours until the effects of anesthesia wear off.
- Most patients are discharged the same day, though a short hospital stay may be required in rare cases.
Who Conducts Hysteroscopic Polypectomy Surgery?
A hysteroscopic polypectomy is typically performed by a qualified gynecologist or a reproductive specialist who has expertise in performing hysteroscopy and related surgical procedures. These medical professionals have the necessary training, skills, and experience to safely and effectively carry out the procedure.
What to Expect After Hysteroscopic Polypectomy?
Recovery after a hysteroscopic polypectomy is usually smooth and much quicker compared to other gynecological surgeries. Still, it is normal to have mild symptoms as your body heals.
First Few Days
- Bleeding: Light spotting or watery discharge is common.
- Cramping: You may feel period-like cramps. Over-the-counter pain relief or prescribed medicine usually helps.
- Discomfort: Mild pelvic soreness or bloating may occur but should ease within a couple of days.
- Rest: Plan for one or two days of rest before returning to work or normal activities.
Weeks 1-2
- Daily activities: Most women resume normal routines, including work, light walking, and household chores, within a week.
- Exercise and intimacy: Avoid heavy exercise, swimming, and sexual intercourse until your doctor clears you, usually after 1-2 weeks.
- Follow-up: Your gynecologist may schedule a check-up to confirm healing and review lab results of the removed polyp.
Weeks 3-4
- Healing progress: Spotting should stop, and discomfort should fade completely.
- Exercise: Gradual return to moderate workouts is usually safe.
- Lifestyle: You can resume all normal activities if cleared by your doctor.
Emotional and Physical Wellbeing
- Some women feel more energetic once abnormal bleeding stops.
- Anxiety about test results is normal, don't hesitate to discuss your concerns with your doctor.
Warning Signs: When to Call Your Doctor
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding (soaking a pad every hour).
- Fever, chills, or feeling unwell.
- Severe abdominal pain not relieved by medication.
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
Doctor's Tip: "Mild spotting is expected. But if bleeding is heavy, foul-smelling, or comes with fever, contact your doctor immediately, as be signs of infection after hysteroscopy."
Benefits of Hysteroscopic Polypectomy
Hysteroscopic polypectomy is a safe and effective procedure that offers several health benefits for women.
- Relief from abnormal bleeding: Uterine polyps often cause heavy, irregular, or prolonged periods. Removing them usually restores a normal bleeding pattern and reduces discomfort.
- Improved fertility: By clearing the uterine cavity, this procedure helps create a healthier environment for embryo implantation, increasing the chances of conception.
- Minimally invasive approach: The surgery is performed using a thin telescope-like device (hysteroscope) inserted through the vagina and cervix. This means no external cuts, minimal pain, and a faster return to normal life.
- Quick recovery: Most women return home the same day. Recovery is usually shorter than open or laparoscopic surgery, with many resuming light activities within 24-48 hours.
- Better diagnosis and treatment in one step: During hysteroscopy, the doctor can both see and remove the polyp at the same time, reducing the need for multiple procedures.
Risks of Hysteroscopic Polypectomy
Although hysteroscopic polypectomy is considered very safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks. These are uncommon but important to know:
- Infection or fever: Rare, but can occur if bacteria enter the uterus during the procedure.
- Uterine perforation: A very rare complication where the surgical instrument creates a small hole in the uterine wall. It usually heals on its own but may require observation or treatment.
- Scar tissue formation (Asherman's syndrome): Rarely, the healing process can cause scar tissue inside the uterus, which may affect future fertility.
- Bleeding or cramping: Mild bleeding and cramping are common in the first few days after surgery, but heavy bleeding is uncommon.
- Anesthesia-related risks: Since general or local anesthesia may be used, there is a small risk of allergic reaction or side effects, though these are rare.
Cost of Hysteroscopic Polypectomy in India
The hysteroscopic polypectomy cost in India depends on factors like hospital facilities, surgeon's expertise, and type of procedure.
On average, it ranges from Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 70,000. To know accurate pricing, please contact our support team.
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