Internal Hernia: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr M Kalyan Ravi Teja , General Surgeons

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Internal hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, leading to a potentially harmful condition within the body. This can impact health by causing obstruction or strangulation of the affected organ, potentially leading to serious complications if not addressed promptly.

What Are the Different Types of Internal Hernia?

Internal hernias are a type of hernia where organs or tissues within the abdomen protrude through a defect in the abdominal wall. There are different types or forms of internal hernias, each involving a specific anatomical location within the abdominal cavity.

These hernias can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are often necessary to prevent complications associated with internal hernias.

Paraduodenal Hernia: A type of internal hernia where a portion of the small intestine becomes trapped in an abnormal pouch next to the duodenum.
Foramen of Winslow Hernia: In this internal hernia, abdominal structures can protrude through an opening called the epiploic foramen, located between the liver, stomach, and the duodenum.
Littre Hernia: This hernia involves the protrusion of Meckel's diverticulum, a small pouch in the intestine, through a hernia defect.
Transmesenteric Hernia: An internal hernia occurring due to a defect in the mesentery, a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall, allowing loops of intestines to herniate.
Pericecal Hernia: Involves a herniation of the intestines near the cecum, which is the beginning of the large intestine, through a defect in the peritoneum surrounding this area.

What Are the Symptoms of an Internal Hernia?

Internal hernias can cause a range of symptoms that may vary based on the type and location of the hernia. Common signs can include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits.

In some cases, internal hernias can lead to more severe complications requiring prompt medical attention. If you suspect an internal hernia, seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Severe abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal bloating
Constipation
Inability to pass gas
Fever
Rapid heart rate
Diarrhea
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
Sudden and intense abdominal cramping

What Causes an Internal Hernia?

Internal hernias occur when organs or tissues within the abdominal cavity protrude through a defect or opening in the abdominal wall. The main causes of internal hernias include congenital defects, post-surgical complications, abdominal trauma, and anatomical variations.

These factors can create spaces where abdominal contents can become trapped, leading to potential complications. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to prevent serious complications associated with internal hernias.

Congenital predisposition
Postsurgical adhesions
Trauma
Prior abdominal surgeries
Bariatric surgery complications
Intestinal malrotation

When Should You See a Doctor for Internal Hernia?

Consult a General Surgeon immediately if you experience persistent or severe abdominal pain, especially when accompanied by nausea, vomiting, bloating, or difficulty passing stool or gas. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent serious complications such as bowel obstruction or strangulation.

Severe or recurring abdominal pain
Persistent nausea and vomiting
Abdominal bloating or swelling
Inability to pass stool or gas
Sudden, intense abdominal cramps
Fever or rapid heart rate with abdominal pain
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly

Early consultation with a General Surgeon or GI Surgeon can help prevent life-threatening complications and ensure timely treatment.

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How Is an Internal Hernia Diagnosed?

Internal hernias are typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests. Medical professionals may consider symptoms reported by patients and perform a physical examination to assess for signs of internal hernia.

Imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs are often used to confirm the diagnosis by visualizing the internal structures of the abdomen. Additionally, blood tests may be conducted to rule out other medical conditions that could be causing similar symptoms. Early and accurate diagnosis of internal hernias is crucial for timely treatment and avoiding potential complications.

Imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI
Barium swallow or upper GI series
Exploratory laparoscopy or laparotomy

What Are the Treatment Options for an Internal Hernia?

Treatment options for internal hernias typically involve surgery to repair the hernia and prevent any complications from occurring. The specific approach to treatment depends on the type and location of the internal hernia. In some cases, surgery may be done laparoscopically, which is less invasive and requires a shorter recovery time.

Post-surgery, patients will be advised to follow a certain diet and activity guidelines to aid in their recovery and prevent recurrence of the hernia. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment plan for each individual case.

Surgery: Internal hernias often require surgical intervention to repair the herniated tissue and prevent complications such as bowel obstruction.
Observation: Sometimes, if the internal hernia is small and not causing symptoms, doctors may choose to monitor it closely without immediate intervention.
Pain Management: Pain from an internal hernia can be managed with medications such as NSAIDs or other pain relievers prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Dietary Changes: Making dietary modifications, such as increasing fiber intake and avoiding foods that can exacerbate symptoms, may help manage internal herniarelated issues.
Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding activities that strain the abdomen can help prevent internal hernias or reduce the risk of recurrence after treatment.

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What Are the Risk Factors for Internal Hernia?

Internal hernias occur when organs or tissues protrude through an opening within the abdominal cavity. Several factors can predispose individuals to developing internal hernias. These risk factors are associated with certain anatomical variations or prior surgical procedures that create opportunities for herniation. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of internal hernias.

Previous abdominal surgery
Congenital anatomical defects
History of abdominal trauma
Excessive weight loss
Inflammatory conditions in the abdomen
Use of certain medications
Pregnancy
Agerelated weakening of abdominal muscles

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is an internal hernia?

An internal hernia occurs when tissue or organs protrude through a defect in the abdominal cavity, leading to potential complications.

2. What are the symptoms of an internal hernia?

Symptoms of an internal hernia may include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel movements.

3. How is an internal hernia diagnosed?

Diagnosis of an internal hernia typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI to visualize the herniated tissue or organs.

4. What are the treatment options for an internal hernia?

Treatment for an internal hernia usually involves surgery to repair the hernia and prevent further complications.

5. What are the potential complications of an untreated internal hernia?

If left untreated, an internal hernia can lead to bowel obstruction, strangulation of the herniated tissue, and potentially life-threatening complications.