What is Conjunctival Hemorrhage? Symptom and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Manaswini Priya Varanasi , Ophthalmologists

Conjunctival Hemorrhage, also known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, occurs when a small blood vessel breaks beneath the clear surface of the eye, causing a bright red patch on the white part of the eye. It is usually painless, does not affect vision, and often resolves on its own within one to two weeks. Common causes include eye injury, rubbing the eyes, heavy lifting, coughing, sneezing, high blood pressure, and blood-thinning medications.

Although most cases are harmless, recurrent episodes or symptoms such as pain, blurred vision, or swelling may indicate an underlying medical condition. Early evaluation by an Ophthalmologist helps identify the cause, rule out serious eye disorders, and ensure appropriate treatment when necessary.

What are the Causes of Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

Understanding the causes of Conjunctival Hemorrhage can help in managing and preventing this condition. The primary causes include:

Physical Trauma

One of the most common causes of Conjunctival Hemorrhage is physical trauma to the eye. This can result from minor injuries, such as rubbing the eye too hard, or more severe trauma, such as a direct blow to the eye.

Sudden Increases in Blood Pressure

Sudden increases in blood pressure due to activities like heavy lifting, coughing, sneezing, or even intense laughter can cause a blood vessel in the eye to burst, leading to a hemorrhage.

Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can predispose individuals to Conjunctival Hemorrhage. These include hypertension, diabetes, and blood clotting disorders. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications are also at an increased risk.

Eye Surgery

Eye surgeries, such as LASIK or cataract surgery, can sometimes result in a Conjunctival Hemorrhage as a postoperative complication.

Straining

Straining activities, such as lifting heavy objects, constipation, or childbirth, can cause a sudden increase in venous pressure, leading to a burst blood vessel in the eye.

What are the Symptoms of Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

A Conjunctival Hemorrhage is usually painless and does not affect vision. The primary symptom is the appearance of a bright red or dark patch on the sclera. Other symptoms may include:

Redness

The most noticeable symptom is a bright red spot on the white part of the eye. This redness occurs because blood leaks from a broken blood vessel beneath the conjunctiva.

Mild Irritation

Although generally painless, some individuals may experience mild irritation or a feeling of fullness in the eye.

No Visual Impairment

Conjunctival Hemorrhage usually does not affect vision. However, if you experience blurred vision or other visual changes, seek medical attention promptly.

When to See a Doctor for Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

Conjunctival Hemorrhage, also known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, occurs when a small blood vessel breaks beneath the clear surface of the eye, causing a bright red patch. Although it is usually harmless and resolves on its own, some cases may indicate an underlying medical condition or eye injury that requires prompt evaluation.

If you experience persistent redness, pain, vision changes, recurrent episodes, or eye trauma, consult an Ophthalmologist for a comprehensive eye examination and appropriate treatment.

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How is Conjunctival Hemorrhage Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a Conjunctival Hemorrhage typically involves a physical examination of the eye. A healthcare provider may use the following methods:

Visual Inspection

A simple visual inspection is often sufficient to diagnose a Conjunctival Hemorrhage. The characteristic red patch on the sclera is usually unmistakable.

Medical History

A review of the patient's medical history can help identify potential underlying causes, such as hypertension, diabetes, bleeding disorders, or the use of blood-thinning medications.

Additional Tests

If the bleeding recurs or is associated with other symptoms, additional investigations such as blood pressure measurement, blood tests, or other eye examinations may be recommended.

How is Conjunctival Hemorrhage Treated?

Observation

Most cases of Conjunctival Hemorrhage resolve on their own without medical intervention. The trapped blood is gradually absorbed, and the red patch usually disappears within one to two weeks.

Artificial Tears

If the eye feels irritated, artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can provide relief by keeping the eye moist and reducing discomfort.

Treating Underlying Conditions

If an underlying condition, such as hypertension or a bleeding disorder, is identified, appropriate treatment can help prevent future episodes of Conjunctival Hemorrhage.

Reviewing Blood-Thinning Medications

If you are taking blood-thinning medications, your healthcare provider may review your treatment plan if recurrent bleeding occurs. Never stop or adjust these medications without medical advice.

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What are the Risk Factors for Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing a Conjunctival Hemorrhage. Understanding these risk factors can help in managing and preventing the condition.

Advancing Age

Older adults are more susceptible because blood vessels become more fragile with age.

Hypertension

High blood pressure is a significant risk factor. Proper blood pressure control through medication, diet, and exercise can reduce the risk.

Diabetes

People with diabetes are at a higher risk due to damage to small blood vessels associated with the condition.

Blood-Thinning Medications

Medications that thin the blood can increase the risk of bleeding, including beneath the conjunctiva.

Physical Strain

Heavy lifting, intense coughing, vomiting, sneezing, or other activities that suddenly increase pressure inside the blood vessels can trigger a Conjunctival Hemorrhage.