Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms And Care

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Girishma J , Dermatologists

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche, is a condition that causes redness, inflammation, and cracking at the corners of the mouth. This common condition can be uncomfortable but is generally not serious. The primary cause of angular cheilitis is often a combination of factors, including fungal or bacterial infections, nutritional deficiencies (such as low levels of iron, zinc, or B vitamins), poor hygiene, or excessive saliva accumulation in the corners of the mouth.

Additionally, factors like ill-fitting dentures, a weakened immune system, or certain medications can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. It is essential to address the underlying causes to effectively manage and prevent recurring episodes of this condition.

What are the Different Types Of Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche or cheilosis, can manifest in different types based on the underlying causes. The most common types include:

Additionally, there is also angular cheilitis associated with oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by Candida yeast. Each type may require specific treatments tailored to address the root cause effectively.

Types of Angular Cheilitis:

Acute Angular Cheilitis: Acute angular cheilitis presents with sudden onset inflammation and redness at the corners of the mouth.
Chronic Angular Cheilitis: Chronic angular cheilitis is characterized by persistent, recurring inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth.
Infectious Angular Cheilitis: Infectious angular cheilitis is often caused by fungal or bacterial infections, leading to painful, inflamed lesions.
Nutritional Deficiency-Related Angular Cheilitis: Nutritional deficiency-related angular cheilitis can occur due to deficiencies in iron, zinc, or B vitamins, manifesting as cracked

What Are the Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis?

In some cases, there may be a foul smell or a bad taste in the mouth. It is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment of angular cheilitis to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Angular cheilitis may cause redness and inflammation at the corners of the mouth, often accompanied by pain or tenderness.
Cracking, fissures, or splits in the skin at the corners of the lips are common symptoms of angular cheilitis.
Patients with angular cheilitis may experience dryness, scaling, or crusting at the corners of the mouth.
Some individuals may develop ulcers or blisters at the angles of the lips due to angular cheilitis.
Angular cheilitis can lead to a sensation of burning or itching at the corners of the mouth, especially when eating or talking.

What Are the Causes of Angular Cheilitis?

Proper diagnosis and treatment by a healthcare provider are essential to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms effectively.

Angular cheilitis can be caused by fungal infections, such as Candida albicans, which thrive in the moist corners of the mouth.
Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly iron, zinc, and B vitamins, can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis.
Excessive saliva accumulation due to conditions like drooling, lip-licking, or poorly fitting dentures can create a favorable environment for angular cheilitis.
Reduced immune function, as seen in conditions like HIV/AIDS or autoimmune diseases, can increase susceptibility to angular cheilitis infections.
Skin irritations from harsh weather conditions, allergic reactions to certain substances, or poor oral hygiene practices can trigger angular cheilitis.

When to See a Doctor for Angular Cheilitis?

A dermatologist or dentist can diagnose and treat Angular Cheilitis. If the infection spreads or keeps returning, it may signal an underlying condition requiring urgent medical evaluation and care.

You should see a doctor if you have:

Persistent cracks or sores at the corners of your mouth lasting more than two weeks despite home remedies.
Recurring episodes of Angular Cheilitis keep returning after treatment.
Sores accompanied by difficulty eating, speaking, or swallowing normally.

Get medical help immediately if:

The infection spreads beyond the mouth corners, causing swelling, fever, or severe pain.
You notice white patches inside your mouth, indicating a possible oral thrush outbreak.
Bleeding sores that do not heal and show signs of deep tissue infection or ulceration.

These could be signs of a serious complication like Angular Cheilitis, which needs urgent care.

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How Is Angular Cheilitis Diagnosed?

Angular cheilitis can usually be diagnosed based on physical examination of the corners of the mouth.
In some cases, a swab of the affected area may be taken to check for bacterial or fungal infections.
Blood tests may be conducted to rule out underlying conditions like nutritional deficiencies or immune system disorders.
A biopsy may be performed if the diagnosis is uncertain or if there are atypical features present.

What are the Treatment Options for Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, a condition characterized by redness, fissuring, and soreness at the corners of the mouth, can be effectively treated through various methods. Topical antifungal or antibacterial creams can help combat underlying infections, while over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams can reduce inflammation and discomfort.

In more severe cases, oral antifungal medications or antibiotics may be prescribed. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene, ensuring proper nutrition with adequate intake of B vitamins and zinc, and avoiding irritants like citrus foods can help prevent and alleviate angular cheilitis. Consulting a healthcare provider for a personalized treatment plan is essential for successful management of this condition.

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How to Prevent Angular Cheilitis?

Prevention of Angular Cheilitis focuses on maintaining good oral hygiene, keeping the corners of the mouth dry, and addressing underlying nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions. These measures can help reduce the risk of infection and prevent recurrence.

Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to reduce the growth of bacteria and fungi in the mouth.
Keep the corners of the mouth dry: Avoid frequent lip licking and gently dry the affected area if it becomes moist.
Use a protective lip balm: Apply a moisturizing lip balm or barrier ointment to prevent dryness and cracking.
Correct nutritional deficiencies: Ensure adequate intake of iron, vitamin B12, folate, and other essential nutrients through diet or supplements if recommended.
Maintain properly fitting dentures: Have dentures checked regularly to ensure they fit well and do not trap saliva.
Manage underlying health conditions: Control diabetes and other medical conditions that may increase the risk of infection.
Avoid sharing personal items: Do not share lip balms, towels, or eating utensils to reduce the spread of infection.
Seek early treatment: Consult a healthcare provider if you notice persistent cracking, redness, or soreness at the corners of your mouth.