Hydrocortisone: Benefits, Side Effects and Precautions

Hydrocortisone is a prescription medication that comes in various forms, including oral tablets, cream and injections. Hydrocortisone tablets are available under the brand name Cortef and in generic forms. It may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name drug.

Hydrocortisone Uses

Key Benefits:

• Rapid relief from inflammation and itching
• Essential hormone replacement in adrenal disorders
• Effective in managing autoimmune and allergic conditions

Commonly Used For:

• Inflammatory skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis)
• Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
• Allergic reactions
• Autoimmune diseases
• Joint or muscle pain (injected form)
• Adrenocortical deficiency
• Swelling and inflammation
• To slow down the immune system

Conditions Hydrocortisone Treats

• Rheumatic disorders
• Stomach or intestinal disorders
• Collagen disorders
• Endocrine disorders
• Respiratory disorders

How Does Hydrocortisone Work?

Hydrocortisone is a synthetic form of cortisol, a hormone that:

• Suppresses immune response
• Reduces inflammation by limiting substances in the body that cause swelling, redness, and itching
• Regulates metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response

It works at the cellular level to prevent the release of inflammatory chemicals like prostaglandins and cytokines.

Dosage of Hydrocortisone

Dosage Instructions

• Generic: Hydrocortisone (tablet - 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg)
• Brand: Cortef (tablet - 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg)
• Topical: Apply a thin layer 1-4 times daily, depending on severity and strength
• Oral: Typically 15-60 mg/day in divided doses (varies by condition)
• Injectable: Administered in hospitals for acute conditions
• Rectal: Usually once or twice daily as prescribed

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?

Missing one or two doses won't typically cause issues, but try to take the prescribed medicine as soon as possible if you have missed a dose.

What Happens in Case of Overdose?

Overdose of a drug can be accidental. If you take more than the prescribed hydrocortisone tablets, it can harm your body's functions. Seek immediate medical attention in case of an overdose.

Hydrocortisone Side Effects

Common side effects

• Burning, itching, irritation, redness
• Acne
• Unwanted hair growth
• Skin color changes
• Tiny red bumps
• Small white and red bumps

Serious side effects

• Skin rash
• Hives
• Breathing problems
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Sneezing
• Cough
• Wounds that won't heal
• Pain while urinating
• Depression
• Mood swings
• Vomiting

If you experience any serious symptoms, immediately contact your doctor.

Precautions and Warnings of Hydrocortisone

Before using Hydrocortisone, talk to your doctor if you are allergic to it or any other medications. Inform your doctor of your medical history, especially if you have:

• Itching on the outer layer of the genitals with vaginal discharge
• Infection or sore in the treatment area
• Skin infection (Hydrocortisone can make it worse)

Allergy Warnings

Symptoms:

• Skin rash
• Itching
• Hives
• Swelling of the face
• Breathing problems

Warnings for Serious Health Conditions

• For people with glaucoma: Hydrocortisone can increase eye pressure, worsening glaucoma.
• For people with liver problems: Hydrocortisone breaks down in the liver. Severe liver disease can cause it to build up in the body.

How to Take Hydrocortisone?

There are many hydrocortisone products available, some without a prescription. Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the most suitable product for you.

Use this medicine only on the skin, unless instructed otherwise by your doctor. Follow the instructions on the product package.

Instructions

• Wash and dry your hands before using.
• Clean and dry the affected area.
• Shake lotion or foam well before use; check if the spray needs shaking.
• Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently, usually up to 4 times a day or as directed.
• Do not bandage, cover, or wrap the area unless advised by your doctor.
• If used in the diaper area on an infant, avoid tight-fitting diapers or plastic briefs.

Are There Any Age Restrictions for Using Hydrocortisone?

Topical corticosteroids are generally considered safe for short-term use in children, typically those aged 2 years and older. They are often used to manage inflammatory skin conditions with minimal systemic absorption when applied appropriately. In contrast, oral and injectable corticosteroids are prescribed with greater caution in pediatric patients due to their potential impact on growth and development.

Prolonged use or high doses of systemic corticosteroids can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to growth retardation and other systemic side effects, necessitating close monitoring by healthcare professionals.

Alcohol or Food Interactions

When taking corticosteroids, it's important to limit alcohol consumption. Alcohol can significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers, especially when combined with corticosteroids.

To minimize potential stomach upset, it's also recommended to take oral corticosteroids with food. This simple step can help protect the stomach lining and improve overall tolerance to the medication.

Possible Interactions with Other Medications

May Interact With:

• NSAIDs (increased risk of ulcers or GI bleeding)
• Diabetic medications (may reduce effectiveness)
• Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• Vaccines (may weaken immune response)
• Anti-seizure medications (e.g., phenytoin)

Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements.

How Should Hydrocortisone Be Stored?

Recommended Storage:

• Store at room temperature (15-25°C / 59-77°F)
• Keep creams away from excessive heat or freezing
• Protect from light and moisture
• Keep out of reach of children and pets

What Happens If Not Stored Properly?

• May degrade and lose effectiveness
• Do not use expired products

Hydrocortisone vs. Methylprednisolone

References