Amenorrhea: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Some women may never start their periods during puberty (primary amenorrhea), while others may stop having regular periods later on without warning (secondary amenorrhea). This can be concerning, especially if the woman is not pregnant or going through menopause.

Along with missed periods, women may also experience fatigue, hormonal imbalances, or physical changes, depending on the cause of the condition.

Types of Amenorrhea

Primary Amenorrhea

• Primary amenorrhea occurs when a girl has not had her first period by the age of 15.
• This could happen due to genetic conditions, hormone problems, or issues with the reproductive organs that she was born with.

Secondary Amenorrhea

• Secondary amenorrhea happens when a woman who used to have regular periods suddenly stops getting them for three months or more.
• Common causes include pregnancy, hormone imbalances, extreme stress, weight changes, or certain medical conditions.

What Are the Common Causes of Amenorrhea?

There are several reasons why a woman may stop getting her periods. Understanding these causes is important to help find the right treatment and manage overall health.

• Hormonal imbalances.
• Stress and emotional factors.
• Excessive exercise or weight loss.
• Structural abnormalities in reproductive organs.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Use of certain medications or contraceptives
• Menopause or premature ovarian failure
• Emotional distress or anxiety from chronic absence of periods

Conditions that Cause Amenorrhea

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
• Turner Syndrome
• Asherman's Syndrome
• Pituitary Tumors (e.g., Prolactinoma)
• Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism)
• Cushing's Syndrome
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Sheehan's Syndrome
• Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

What are the Symptoms of Amenorrhea?

• Absence of Menstrual Periods
• Hair Loss
• Headache
• Vision Changes
• Acne or facial hair (in cases like PCOS)
• Vaginal dryness
• Hot flashes (in premature menopause)

When Should You Visit a Doctor?

It's essential to seek medical advice if you experience:

• No periods by age 15
• Missed periods for three consecutive months
• Sudden stop in periods without clear cause
• Severe pelvic pain, headaches, or vision problems
• Signs of hormonal imbalance or physical changes

How Is Amenorrhea Diagnosed?

• Physical examination: assessing overall health and reproductive organs
• Hormone tests: measuring hormone levels in the blood
• Imaging tests: like ultrasound to check for structural abnormalities
• Medical history: Discussing symptoms, menstrual patterns, and lifestyle factors

What Are the Treatment Options for Amenorrhea?

• Hormonal therapy: to regulate menstrual cycles
• Lifestyle changes: maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, and moderating exercise
• Surgery: for structural issues affecting menstruation
• Medications: to address underlying conditions like PCOS or thyroid disorders

How Can Amenorrhea Be Prevented?

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and regular exercise.
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or therapy.
• Avoid extreme weight loss or excessive exercise routines.
• Attend regular gynaecological check-ups to monitor reproductive health.
• Keep chronic conditions like PCOS or thyroid in check.

Home Remedies of Amenorrhea

• Herbal teas like cinnamon or ginger to support hormonal balance.
• Fenugreek seeds soaked overnight and consumed in the morning.
• Moderate yoga to relieve stress and support hormonal function.
• Warm compresses to alleviate pelvic discomfort.

Lifestyle Changes of Amenorrhea

• Adopt a well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet.
• Incorporate moderate physical activity rather than extreme workouts.
• Practice stress-reducing techniques such as meditation or journaling.
• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and unregulated supplements.
• Prioritize sleep and consistent daily routines.