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International Patient CareSigmoid Colectomy Surgery by Expert Oncologists
Sigmoid colectomy at Medicover Hospitals is performed using advanced laparoscopic techniques by our skilled oncologists with qualifications like MS, DNB, and MCh. This minimally invasive approach ensures smaller incisions and reduced blood loss, contributing to a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay across India.
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What is Sigmoid Colectomy?
Sigmoid Colectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the sigmoid colon, which is the S-shaped section of the large intestine. This part of the colon is located near the end of the digestive tract, just before the rectum. The surgery aims to excise the affected portion of the colon to restore normal bowel function.
This surgery is often necessary for conditions like diverticulitis (inflammation of small pouches in the colon), colorectal cancer, or severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease. If left untreated, these conditions can lead to complications such as bowel obstruction or perforation. Modern surgical approaches for Sigmoid Colectomy include laparoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted surgery, which may offer quicker recovery and less postoperative pain.
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Complete Guide To Sigmoid Colectomy
Everything you need to know about the procedure, preparation, and recovery
Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery Indications
Doctors recommend sigmoid colectomy when part of the sigmoid colon needs removal due to disease or complications. This procedure is often considered when conservative treatments have not been effective.
Diverticulitis
Patients may experience severe abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Imaging tests like CT scans reveal inflamed or infected diverticula. Surgery is advised when recurrent episodes occur or complications like abscesses develop.
Colorectal Cancer
Symptoms include rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel movements. Colonic endoscopy or imaging may show a tumour in the sigmoid colon. Surgery is necessary when cancer is confirmed and localized to this area.
Sigmoid Volvulus
Patients often have abdominal distension, pain, and constipation. X-rays or CT scans show twisted bowel loops. Surgery is needed if non-surgical methods fail to untwist the colon or if there is a risk of bowel necrosis.
Ischemic Colitis
Symptoms include sudden abdominal pain and bloody stools. Colonoscopy may show areas of inflammation or tissue death. Surgery is required if there is significant bowel damage or risk of perforation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Patients experience chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Colonoscopy and biopsy can reveal severe inflammation or strictures. Surgery is considered when medication fails to control symptoms or complications arise.
How to Prepare for Sigmoid Colectomy?
Proper preparation for a sigmoid colectomy is crucial to ensure a smooth surgery and recovery. Following the recommended steps can help reduce complications and improve outcomes.
- Medication Review: Stop NSAIDs, anticoagulants, and herbal supplements as advised by your doctor.
- Fasting: Do not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours before the surgery to prepare for anaesthesia.
- Bowel Preparation: Follow your doctor's instructions for bowel cleansing to ensure the colon is clear.
- Clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing on the day of surgery for ease and comfort.
- Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure as you may feel drowsy.
- Medication List: Bring a list of your current medications with dosages for the medical team.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Avoid smoking and alcohol for at least 24 hours before surgery to reduce risks.
- Pre-Surgery Consultation: Attend all pre-surgery appointments to discuss any concerns with your surgeon.
Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery (Step-by-Step)
Overview: Sigmoid colectomy is performed by surgeons, typically lasting 2-4 hours. It is done under general anaesthesia, ensuring the patient is asleep and pain-free.
- Preparation: The patient is positioned on the operating table. Anaesthesia is administered to ensure comfort throughout the procedure.
- Incision: A small incision, usually 1-2 cm, is made in the abdomen. This allows access to the sigmoid colon. In laparoscopic surgery, multiple small incisions are used.
- Access and Visualisation: A laparoscope is inserted through the incision. This instrument provides a clear view of the colon on a monitor, guiding the surgeon.
- Dissection: The surgeon uses tools like a harmonic scalpel or bipolar cautery to carefully separate the sigmoid colon from surrounding tissues. This step requires precision to avoid damage to nearby organs.
- Resection: The affected portion of the sigmoid colon is removed. The surgeon ensures that enough healthy tissue is left for reconnection.
- Anastomosis: The remaining ends of the colon are reconnected. This restores the continuity of the digestive tract.
- Closure: The incisions are closed with sutures or staples. The patient is then moved to the recovery room to wake up from anaesthesia.
Who Performs Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery?
Sigmoid colectomy is performed by oncologists. These specialists have expertise in surgeries involving the colon and rectum. They are skilled in both open and laparoscopic techniques.
Recovery After Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery
Recovery from a sigmoid colectomy surgery involves gradual healing and adjustment. It's important to follow your doctor's advice to ensure a smooth recovery process.
Day 1-3:
- Hospital stay is common. Pain management and monitoring are priorities.
- Start with clear liquids. Gradually introduce light foods like soups.
- Minimal movement is encouraged to prevent complications.
Day 4-7:
- Discharge from the hospital is likely. Continue with prescribed medications.
- Introduce soft foods like khichdi, dal-rice, and curd. Avoid spicy and oily foods.
- Slowly increase walking around the house. Avoid heavy lifting.
Day 8-14:
- Gradual increase in physical activity. Short walks are beneficial.
- Continue with a balanced diet. Include moong dal and soft vegetables.
- Monitor surgical site for any signs of infection.
Phase 3-6 Weeks:
- Resume light activities and work, depending on your comfort and doctor's advice.
- Continue a fibre-rich diet to aid digestion. Maintain hydration.
- Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting.
When to Seek Urgent Help
- Fever or chills indicating possible infection.
- Severe abdominal pain or swelling.
- Persistent nausea or vomiting.
- Signs of infection at the incision site, such as redness or discharge.
- Changes in bowel habits, like severe constipation or diarrhoea.
Benefits of Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery
Sigmoid colectomy is a surgical procedure to remove part of the colon. It can offer several health benefits.
- Relief from Symptoms: Helps alleviate pain and discomfort caused by conditions like diverticulitis.
- Prevention of Complications: Reduces the risk of future bowel obstructions or perforations.
- Improved Quality of Life: Enhances daily functioning by resolving chronic digestive issues.
- Reduced Cancer Risk: Removes precancerous polyps, lowering the risk of colon cancer.
Risks and Complications of Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery
While sigmoid colectomy is generally safe, it carries potential risks and complications.
Common Risks
- Infection at the surgical site can occur, requiring medical attention.
- Bleeding during or after surgery may necessitate additional interventions.
Rare Risks
- Anastomotic leakage, where the bowel connection leaks, may require further surgery.
- Injury to nearby organs such as the bladder or small intestine.
- Deep vein thrombosis, a blood clot in the leg, can develop post-surgery.
- Bowel obstruction due to scar tissue formation may occur later.
Cost of Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery
The cost of Sigmoid Colectomy Surgery at Medicover Hospitals ranges from Rs.80,000 to Rs. 5,00,000. Prices vary based on the ward category chosen, such as day care, general, private, or deluxe suites. We offer transparent pricing and support for insurance and TPA, including CGHS, ESI, and major TPAs. A cashless facility is available for your convenience. Please contact the hospital for the latest insurance panel details as these may change periodically.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How much does Sigmoid Colectomy surgery cost?
The cost of Sigmoid Colectomy surgery at Medicover Hospitals ranges from ₹80,000 to ₹5,00,000, depending on the room type and care required.
2. Is Sigmoid Colectomy surgery covered under insurance?
Sigmoid Colectomy surgery may be covered under CGHS, ESI, and major TPAs for cashless treatment. Please contact the hospital for current panel details.
3. Will I need a colostomy bag after surgery?
In some cases, a temporary colostomy bag may be required after Sigmoid Colectomy. Your doctor will advise based on your specific condition.
4. Can I experience bowel changes post-surgery?
Yes, you may experience changes in bowel habits after Sigmoid Colectomy. These changes usually stabilize over time with proper diet and care.
5. What foods should I avoid after Sigmoid Colectomy?
Avoid spicy foods, raw vegetables, and high-fibre items initially. Opt for soft foods like curd, dal-rice, and khichdi during recovery.
6. Is there a risk of infection after surgery?
There is a risk of infection at the surgical site after Sigmoid Colectomy. Follow your doctor's instructions for wound care to minimize this risk.
7. Will I have abdominal pain after the surgery?
Some abdominal pain is common after Sigmoid Colectomy. Pain management will be provided to ensure comfort during your recovery.
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