Mesenteric Cyst: What It Is and How It Is Treated

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Manoj Kumar D , General Surgeons

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Mesenteric cyst is a rare, usually benign, fluid-filled sac that develops within the mesentery, the fold of tissue that supports and anchors the intestines inside the abdomen. These cysts vary in size and may remain symptom-free for years or cause abdominal pain, swelling, or bowel-related problems as they enlarge. Although the exact cause is not always known, mesenteric cysts are thought to arise from congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system or developmental defects. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help prevent complications such as bowel obstruction or infection.

What Are the Types of Mesenteric Cysts?

Mesenteric cysts are classified according to their tissue of origin and pathological features.

Lymphatic Mesenteric Cyst: Arises from the lymphatic system and contains lymphatic fluid.
Enteric Duplication Cyst: A congenital cyst lined with intestinal tissue that may communicate with the bowel.
Mesothelial Cyst: Develops from mesothelial cells lining the abdominal cavity.
Dermoid Cyst: Contains tissues such as hair, skin, or sebaceous material and is uncommon.
Pseudocyst: Usually develops following trauma, inflammation, or infection and lacks an epithelial lining.

What Are the Symptoms of a Mesenteric Cyst?

Small mesenteric cysts may not cause symptoms. Larger cysts can produce symptoms by pressing on nearby organs.

Persistent or intermittent abdominal pain
Abdominal swelling or bloating
Palpable abdominal lump
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation or diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Unexplained weight loss
Bowel obstruction in severe cases
Fever if the cyst becomes infected

What Causes a Mesenteric Cyst?

The exact cause is often unknown, but several developmental and acquired factors have been associated with mesenteric cyst formation.

Congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system
Developmental defects during fetal growth
Blockage of lymphatic channels
Abdominal trauma
Inflammation or infection of mesenteric tissues
Rare benign or malignant tumors involving the mesentery

When Should You See a Doctor for a Mesenteric Cyst?

Persistent abdominal discomfort or an unexplained abdominal lump should be evaluated promptly. Early assessment by a general surgeon, gastroenterologist, gastrointestinal surgeon, pediatric surgeon (for children), or an internal medicine specialist can help diagnose the condition and prevent complications.

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

Persistent abdominal pain or swelling
A noticeable lump in the abdomen
Persistent nausea or vomiting
Changes in bowel habits, including constipation or diarrhea
Symptoms of bowel obstruction such as severe abdominal pain or inability to pass stool
Sudden worsening of abdominal symptoms or fever

Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent complications such as bowel obstruction, infection, and cyst enlargement.

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How Is a Mesenteric Cyst Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves imaging studies and, in some cases, tissue examination to confirm the nature of the cyst.

Medical history and physical examination
Abdominal ultrasound
CT scan
MRI when additional anatomical detail is required
Biopsy or fluid analysis in selected cases
Diagnostic laparoscopy if imaging findings are inconclusive

How Is a Mesenteric Cyst Treated?

Treatment depends on the size of the cyst, associated symptoms, and the risk of complications.

Observation for small, symptom-free cysts
Laparoscopic surgical removal when feasible
Open surgical excision for large or complicated cysts
Drainage procedures in selected patients who are not surgical candidates
Antibiotics if the cyst becomes infected
Regular follow-up imaging when conservative management is chosen

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What Are the Risk Factors for a Mesenteric Cyst?

Although uncommon, certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing a mesenteric cyst.

Congenital lymphatic abnormalities
Previous abdominal trauma or surgery
Inflammatory or infectious abdominal conditions
Certain rare genetic or developmental disorders
Middle adulthood, although cysts can occur at any age

What Complications Can a Mesenteric Cyst Cause?

If left untreated, a mesenteric cyst may lead to serious complications.

Bowel obstruction
Infection or abscess formation
Bleeding into the cyst
Cyst rupture
Twisting of the bowel (volvulus)
Rare malignant transformation in certain cyst types

Can a Mesenteric Cyst Be Prevented?

There is no proven way to prevent mesenteric cysts because many develop due to congenital or developmental abnormalities. However, seeking prompt medical care for persistent abdominal symptoms and attending follow-up appointments after diagnosis can help detect complications early and improve outcomes.

What Is the Prognosis for a Mesenteric Cyst?

The prognosis is generally excellent, particularly when the cyst is completely removed surgically. Most benign mesenteric cysts do not recur after complete excision, and patients recover fully. Prognosis may vary if complications develop or if the cyst is associated with a rare malignant process, making regular follow-up important when recommended.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What early signs should I look for with mesenteric cyst?

Look for abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Seek medical attention if you experience these symptoms.

2. How should I care for myself with mesenteric cyst-what should I do and avoid?

Follow your doctor's advice, take prescribed medications, maintain a healthy diet, avoid heavy lifting, and seek medical attention for any concerning symptoms.

3. What are the potential complications of mesenteric cyst?

Potential complications of mesenteric cyst include infection, rupture leading to peritonitis, obstruction of the intestines, and compression of nearby structures.

4. What steps should I take for the management of mesenteric cyst?

Treatment of mesenteric cysts may involve observation, drainage or surgical removal depending on symptoms and size of the cyst. Consult a surgeon for guidance.