Marasmic Kwashiorkor: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr K Sindhura , Pediatricians

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Marasmic kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that combines features of both marasmus and kwashiorkor. It mainly affects children who experience prolonged deficiencies in both calories and protein. This condition leads to extreme weight loss along with fluid retention (edema), making it one of the most serious forms of malnutrition.

Marasmic kwashiorkor is commonly seen in regions where food insecurity, poverty, and infections are widespread. Without timely treatment, it can cause severe health complications, including weakened immunity, developmental delays, and organ damage.

What Are the Types of Marasmic Kwashiorkor?

Protein-energy malnutrition can appear in several forms depending on nutrient deficiencies and clinical presentation.

Kwashiorkor is caused primarily by protein deficiency
Marasmus caused by severe caloric deficiency
Marasmic kwashiorkor combines wasting and edema
Moderate acute malnutrition with less severe symptoms
Severe acute malnutrition requiring urgent medical care

What Are the Symptoms of Marasmic Kwashiorkor?

The symptoms of marasmic kwashiorkor reflect characteristics of both marasmus and kwashiorkor, making the condition more complex.

Severe weight loss and muscle wasting
Swelling of the legs, feet, or face due to edema
Thin, brittle hair with color changes
Skin lesions, peeling, or hyperpigmentation
Extreme fatigue and lethargy
Irritability or behavioral changes
Frequent infections due to weakened immunity
Delayed growth and development

Causes of Marasmic Kwashiorkor

The condition develops due to multiple factors that lead to prolonged nutrient deficiency.

Severe lack of protein and calorie intake
Chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS
Poor access to nutritious food due to poverty or famine
Recurrent gastrointestinal infections affecting nutrient absorption
Natural disasters, conflicts, or displacement affecting the food supply

When Should You See a Doctor for Marasmic Kwashiorkor?

Medical attention is urgently required if signs of severe malnutrition appear, especially in children. Consult a Pediatrician if these symptoms persist: