Endometrial Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Kovvuru Bhaskar Reddy , Oncologists

Endometrial cancer is a form of cancer that begins in the endometrium, which is in the inner lining of the uterus. It is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system and usually occurs after menopause but younger women can also be affected. The disease develops when the cells in the lining of the uterus grow uncontrollably and form a tumour.

Most women with endometrial cancer notice abnormal vaginal bleeding as the earliest sign, mainly after menopause. Early detection is very important for the successful treatment and long-term survival. According to medical studies, endometrial cancer can be diagnosed at an early stage and it is one of the more treatable gynecologic cancers.

What are the Types of Endometrial Cancer?

Endometrial Cancer is classified based on the type of cells involved and the biological behavior of the tumor.

Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

This is the most common type, accounting for the majority of cases. It is often associated with excess estrogen exposure and generally has a favorable prognosis when detected early.

Non-Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer

This group includes serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and other aggressive subtypes that are more likely to spread beyond the uterus.

What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer?

Endometrial Cancer develops due to genetic changes that cause uncontrolled growth of endometrial cells. Prolonged exposure to estrogen without the balancing effect of progesterone increases the risk of developing the disease.

Maintaining a healthy weight and managing hormonal and metabolic conditions may help reduce the risk.

Causes

Risk Factors

When to See a Doctor for Endometrial Cancer?

Women with abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, unusual vaginal discharge, or persistent pelvic pain should consult a Gynecologist or Oncologist promptly.

You should see a doctor if you experience:

Seek immediate medical attention if you:

These symptoms may indicate significant bleeding or advanced disease requiring urgent medical evaluation.

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How is Endometrial Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves pelvic examination, imaging studies, and tissue sampling to confirm the presence of cancer and determine its stage.

Early diagnosis helps guide appropriate treatment and improves long-term survival.

Diagnostic Methods

What are the Treatment Options for Endometrial Cancer?

Treatment depends on the stage, grade, tumor type, and the individual's overall health. A multidisciplinary team develops a personalized treatment plan.

Most early-stage cancers are successfully treated with surgery.

Surgical Treatment

Additional Treatment

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What is the Recovery Process for Endometrial Cancer?

Recovery depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatment received, and the individual's overall health. Many women recover well after early-stage surgery, while advanced cases may require prolonged treatment and monitoring. Regular follow-up is essential to detect recurrence and manage long-term effects of therapy.

Attending scheduled follow-up appointments, completing all recommended treatments, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active as advised, reporting new symptoms promptly, and following survivorship care recommendations help improve long-term health and quality of life.

Recovery Includes