Cholesteatoma Of External Ear: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Neha A Padia , ENT

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1. Causes 2. Find a Doctor 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. FAQs

Cholesteatoma of the external ear is a noncancerous growth that can develop behind the eardrum. This condition can cause complications and affect an individual's overall health. The primary impact of cholesteatoma is the potential for damage to the ear structures, leading to hearing loss and recurrent ear infections. If left untreated, it can result in serious complications that may require surgical intervention to prevent further health issues.

What are the Types of Cholesteatoma of External Ear?

Cholesteatoma of the external ear can manifest in various forms, each presenting its own set of symptoms and challenges. Understanding these different types is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Congenital Cholesteatoma: A rare type of cholesteatoma present at birth due to abnormal skin growth in the middle ear.
Primary Acquired Cholesteatoma: Caused by chronic negative pressure or recurring infections in the middle ear, leading to skin growth.
Secondary Acquired Cholesteatoma: Develops as a result of a perforated eardrum or previous ear surgeries, allowing skin cells to accumulate in the middle ear.
Retraction Pocket Cholesteatoma: Forms when the eardrum retracts inward, creating a pocket where skin cells can collect and grow.
Invasive Cholesteatoma: A more aggressive form that can spread beyond the middle ear into surrounding structures, potentially causing complications.

What are the Symptoms of Cholesteatoma of External Ear?

Cholesteatoma of the external ear can cause various symptoms that may affect hearing and overall ear health. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to more severe complications if left untreated.

Persistent ear pain
Hearing loss
Ear discharge
Feeling of fullness in the ear
Tinnitus (ringing in the ear)
Dizziness or vertigo

What are the Causes of Cholesteatoma of External Ear?

Cholesteatoma of the external ear may develop due to chronic infections, structural abnormalities, or injury to the ear. Inflammation and poor Eustachian tube function can also contribute to its development.

Chronic ear infections
Eardrum retraction
History of ear surgery
Congenital ear abnormalities
Injury to the ear canal

When to see a doctor for Cholesteatoma of External Ear?

If you develop symptoms of cholesteatoma of the external ear, consult an ENT specialist promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent hearing loss, recurrent infections, and damage to the surrounding ear structures.

If you have persistent or foul-smelling ear discharge that does not improve with treatment.
If you experience ongoing ear pain, hearing loss, or a feeling of fullness in the ear.
If you notice ringing in the ear (tinnitus), dizziness, or balance problems.
If you develop recurrent ear infections or swelling around the ear.
If you have bleeding from the ear or persistent drainage after an ear injury or surgery.
If you experience weakness of the facial muscles or severe headaches along with ear symptoms.
If imaging or an ear examination suggests cholesteatoma or another abnormal ear growth.
If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult an ENT specialist promptly for comprehensive evaluation, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.

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How is Cholesteatoma of External Ear Diagnosed?

Cholesteatoma of the external ear is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications and supports timely treatment.

Otoscopy
Audiometry
CT scan of the temporal bone
MRI scan of the temporal bone
Tympanometry

How is Cholesteatoma of External Ear Treated?

Treatment for cholesteatoma of the external ear usually involves surgical removal of the abnormal tissue to prevent complications and preserve hearing. Ongoing follow-up is important to monitor recovery and detect recurrence.

Surgical Removal: Removes the abnormal skin growth to prevent further damage and hearing loss.
Ear Drops: Antibiotic or steroid ear drops may be prescribed to reduce infection and inflammation.
Ear Cleaning: Professional ear cleaning helps remove debris and lowers the risk of recurrent infection.
Hearing Tests: Regular hearing assessments monitor hearing function and treatment outcomes.
Follow-up Care: Routine ENT follow-up appointments help identify recurrence and ensure proper healing.

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What are the Risk Factors for Cholesteatoma of External Ear?

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing cholesteatoma of the external ear. Recognizing these risk factors supports early diagnosis and timely treatment.