Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Sadiq Yunus Mulla, Endocrinologist

Symptoms of White Jaundice

Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood. While the classic form of jaundice is well-known, a less common variant is known as "white jaundice."

Understanding the symptoms of white jaundice is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

What is White Jaundice?

White jaundice, also known as acholuric jaundice, is a condition in which the skin and eyes appear pale or white rather than yellow. This type of jaundice has a distinct set of underlying causes and presents differently from classic yellow jaundice.

Causes of White Jaundice

Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. This rapid destruction leads to a significant increase in bilirubin levels. However, unlike in classic jaundice, the bilirubin in white jaundice does not accumulate in the skin and eyes, leading to a pale appearance.

Congenital Disorders

Certain congenital disorders, such as Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome, can lead to white jaundice. These genetic conditions affect the liver's ability to process bilirubin, resulting in elevated levels that cause a pale skin tone.

For diagnosis and management of congenital or metabolic causes of jaundice, visit the Endocrinology Department at Medicover Hospitals.

Liver Diseases

Liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis can also cause white jaundice. In these conditions, the liver is unable to properly metabolize bilirubin, which leads to its accumulation in the blood.

Symptoms of White Jaundice

Pale Skin and Eyes

One of the most distinguishing symptoms of white jaundice is the pale or white appearance of the skin and eyes. Unlike the typical yellow discoloration seen in classic jaundice, white jaundice causes a marked pallor.

Fatigue and Weakness

Individuals with white jaundice often experience extreme fatigue and weakness. This is primarily due to the underlying hemolytic anemia or liver dysfunction, which impairs the body's ability to produce and maintain healthy red blood cells.

Dark Urine and Light-Colored Stools

Despite the pale appearance of the skin, individuals with white jaundice may exhibit dark urine and light-colored stools. These changes occur because the excess bilirubin is excreted through the urine and stools, altering their color.

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, is a common symptom of white jaundice. This pain is usually associated with liver inflammation or enlargement, which is often seen in liver diseases.

Itching

Persistent itching is another symptom of white jaundice. Elevated levels of bilirubin can irritate the skin, leading to severe, discomforting itching.

Diagnosis White Jaundice

Blood Tests

Blood tests are essential for diagnosing white jaundice. These tests measure the levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, and red blood cells, providing crucial information about the underlying cause of the condition.

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI can help identify structural abnormalities in the liver and gallbladder. These studies are particularly useful in diagnosing liver diseases that may be causing white jaundice.

Liver Biopsy

In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to determine the exact cause of white jaundice. This procedure involves taking a small sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination, which can reveal the presence of liver diseases or congenital disorders.

Treatment Options for White Jaundice

Addressing the Underlying Cause

The primary focus of treatment for white jaundice is addressing the underlying cause. For instance, if hemolytic anemia is the cause, treatment may involve blood transfusions, medications to suppress the immune system or removal of the spleen.

Medications

Certain forms of white jaundice can be treated with medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. These medications help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, which can be beneficial in conditions like autoimmune hepatitis.

Phototherapy

Phototherapy is a treatment option for white jaundice, particularly in newborns with congenital disorders. This therapy involves exposing the skin to specific wavelengths of light, which helps break down bilirubin and reduce its levels in the blood.

Lifestyle Modifications

Lifestyle modifications can also help manage white jaundice. These include maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding alcohol, and managing stress, all of which can improve liver function and overall health.

Complications of Untreated White Jaundice

Chronic Fatigue

One of the significant complications of untreated white jaundice is chronic fatigue. The persistently high levels of bilirubin and associated anemia can lead to long-term exhaustion and reduced quality of life.

Liver Failure

If white jaundice is caused by liver disease and left untreated, it can progress to liver failure. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention. If you notice worsening symptoms or signs of liver disease, visit Medicover Hospitals for timely evaluation and treatment.

Gallstones

Individuals with white jaundice are at an increased risk of developing gallstones. The excess bilirubin can lead to the formation of stones in the gallbladder, causing pain and digestive issues.

Neurological Complications

In severe cases, untreated white jaundice can lead to neurological complications. High levels of bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to the brain, leading to conditions such as kernicterus in newborns.

Preventing White Jaundice

Regular Health Check-Ups

Regular health check-ups are crucial for preventing white jaundice. Early detection of liver diseases, hemolytic anemia, and congenital disorders can help manage the condition before it progresses to white jaundice.

Healthy Lifestyle

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing white jaundice. This includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding alcohol, and managing stress.

Vaccinations

Vaccinations can help prevent liver diseases such as hepatitis, which can lead to white jaundice. Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B can significantly reduce the risk of developing liver-related jaundice.

Conclusion

White jaundice is a complex condition that requires a thorough understanding of its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. By recognizing the signs early and seeking appropriate medical care, individuals can effectively manage white jaundice and prevent its complications. Regular health check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and timely medical intervention are crucial to maintaining overall health and well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions