Abnormal Liver Enzymes Symptom and Treatments

Functions and Types of Liver Enzymes

Liver enzymes play a crucial role in diagnosing liver damage, and abnormal levels often indicate liver stress or injury.

• ALP, or alkaline phosphatase.
• Transaminase of Alanine (ALT).
• Transaminase from aspartate (AST).
• GGT, or gamma-glutamyl transferase.
• Enzymes (mostly ALT or AST) are released into your bloodstream when your liver is harmed.

Conditions that Cause Abnormal Liver Enzymes

Abnormal liver enzyme levels can be caused by various underlying conditions that affect liver function, metabolism, or other systems in the body.

• Liver Diseases: Common causes of elevated enzymes. Types of liver disease are Hepatitis (A, B, C), fatty liver (NAFLD, NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
• Infections: Certain infections can inflame the liver. Examples are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and sepsis.
• Medications and Toxins: Some substances can damage liver cells. Examples are acetaminophen, statins, antibiotics, alcohol, herbal supplements.
• Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders: Blockages or inflammation can raise enzyme levels. Examples are Gallstones, cholecystitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and sclerosing cholangitis.
• Metabolic and Genetic Conditions: Inherited or metabolic disorders may affect liver function. Examples are hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
• Heart-Related Conditions: Reduced blood flow to the liver can cause injury. Examples are congestive heart failure, and ischemic hepatitis.
• Endocrine Disorders: Hormonal imbalances can affect liver enzyme levels. Examples are diabetes, hypothyroidism, and Cushing’s syndrome.
• Muscle Disorders or Injury: Liver enzymes (especially AST) may rise due to muscle breakdown. Examples are rhabdomyolysis, intense exercise, and trauma.

Common Causes of Abnormal Liver Enzymes

• Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/NASH): One of the most common causes. Fat buildup in liver cells due to obesity, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

• Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused by viruses or other factors. Types are like hepatitis A, B, C, autoimmune, drug-induced.

• Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol can damage liver cells and raise enzyme levels.

Symptoms of Elevated Liver Enzymes

Elevated liver enzymes may not always cause symptoms, but when they do, the following signs are commonly observed:

• Stomach or abdominal ache
• Dark feces
• Lethargic sensation (fatigue)
• Burning
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes is called jaundice
• Pale stool color (poop)
• Appetite decline
• Vomiting as well as nausea

When to Visit a Doctor?

You should consult a doctor if abnormal liver enzymes are found or if you notice the following symptoms:

• Persistent Fatigue: Unusual tiredness lasting days or weeks without a clear cause.
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin or eyes, a key sign of liver dysfunction.
• Abdominal Pain: Pain or discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen.
• Dark Urine or Pale Stools: Changes in urine or stool color can signal liver or bile duct issues.
• Nausea or Vomiting: Ongoing digestive problems without another explanation.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden loss of appetite or weight could point to liver disease.
• Swelling in the Abdomen or Legs: May indicate fluid buildup from liver-related issues.
• History of Liver Disease or Risk Factors: If you have hepatitis, drink alcohol regularly, or take liver-affecting medications.

How Abnormal Liver Enzymes are Diagnosed?

Abnormal liver enzymes are usually discovered through blood tests and further evaluated using the following methods:

• Liver Function Test (LFT): A blood test that measures enzyme levels like ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT to check liver health.
• Medical History and Physical Exam: The doctor will ask about symptoms, alcohol use, medications, and family history, and check for signs like jaundice or swelling.
• Imaging Tests: Used to look for liver damage, tumors, or bile duct issues. Examples: Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI
• Additional Blood Tests: Helps identify the cause of enzyme elevation. Examples: Viral hepatitis panel, autoimmune markers, iron/copper levels
• Liver Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken if the cause remains unclear or to confirm conditions like fatty liver or cirrhosis.

Treatment and Management for Abnormal Liver Enzymes

If liver enzyme levels remain abnormal or symptoms persist, the following steps are recommended.

• Monitoring and follow-up blood tests
• Imaging procedures like MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound
• Referral to a hepatologist (liver specialist)
• Treatment tailored to the underlying cause

Prevention of Elevated Liver Enzymes

To prevent or manage abnormal liver enzyme levels, consider the following preventive measures,

• Alcohol moderation or abstinence
• Avoiding needle sharing and blood-contaminated objects
• Balanced diet
• Hepatitis A and B immunization
• Blood sugar control for diabetes
• Disclosure of all medications and supplements to the healthcare provider
• Weight management through diet and exercise

Home Remedies for Abnormal Liver Enzymes

Certain natural remedies can help support liver health and function

• Herbs: Milk thistle, dandelion root, and turmeric can support liver health.
• Apple Cider Vinegar: Dilute 1-2 tablespoons in water to aid liver detox.
• Lemon Water: Drink daily to support detoxification.
• Green Tea: Contains antioxidants that benefit liver function.
• Garlic: Add to meals for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Lifestyle Changes for Abnormal Liver Enzymes

Incorporating these lifestyle changes can significantly support liver health and improve enzyme levels,

• Healthy Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.
• Limit Alcohol: Avoid alcohol to prevent further liver damage.
• Maintain Healthy Weight: Helps reduce fat in the liver.
• Exercise: Aim for 30 minutes of activity most days.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
• Quit Smoking: Reduces liver stress.
• Avoid Toxins: Limit exposure to chemicals.