Papilloma: Causes and Treatments

Papillomas are benign tumours caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Though typically non-cancerous, these growths can cause discomfort and may require medical intervention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments of papilloma is crucial for effective management.

These tumours can appear in various parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, throat, and genital areas.

Causes of Papilloma

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The primary cause of papillomas is the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus has over 100 different strains, some of which are more likely to cause benign growths, while others are associated with malignant transformations.

Transmission of HPV

HPV is typically spread through direct contact with infected skin or mucous membranes. This transmission can occur through sexual contact, skin-to-skin contact, or from mother to child during childbirth.

Symptoms of Papilloma

General Symptoms

Symptoms of papilloma can vary depending on the location of the growth. Common symptoms include:

• Small, wart-like growths
• Itching or discomfort
• Bleeding or discharge if irritated

Papilloma in Mouth

Papillomas in the mouth can present unique symptoms such as:

• Pain or discomfort while eating
• Difficulty swallowing
• Visible growths on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks

Diagnosing Papilloma

Diagnosing papilloma typically involves a physical examination, during which a healthcare provider will observe the growths. If necessary, a biopsy may be performed to rule out malignancy and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Papilloma

Topical Treatments

Topical treatments, such as salicylic acid or imiquimod, can be effective for treating papillomas on the skin. These treatments work by stimulating the immune system to fight the virus or by exfoliating the growth.

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy involves freezing the papilloma with liquid nitrogen, causing the growth to fall off over time. This method is commonly used for skin papillomas but can be applied to other areas as well.

Excision

Excision involves surgically removing the papilloma. This method is often used for more significant or more persistent growths and can be performed under local anaesthesia.

Laser Surgery

Laser surgery uses focused light to remove the papilloma. This method is precise and can minimize damage to surrounding tissues.

Electrosurgery

Electrosurgery involves using electric currents to cut and remove the papilloma. This method can be effective for papillomas in various locations, including the mouth and throat.

Natural Remedies

While natural remedies are not scientifically proven to be effective, some people use them as complementary treatments. These remedies include:

• Applying tea tree oil
• Using garlic extract
• Applying vitamin E oil

Preventing Papilloma

HPV Vaccination

Vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk of developing papillomas. The vaccine is most effective when administered before the onset of sexual activity.

Safe Practices

Practising safe sex and avoiding direct contact with infected individuals can help prevent HPV transmission.

Living with Papilloma

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are essential for managing papillomas. This includes routine check-ups and observing any changes in the growths.

Psychological Impact

Living with papillomas can have a psychological impact, particularly if the growths are visible or cause discomfort. Seeking support from healthcare providers, counsellors, or support groups can be beneficial.

Frequently Asked Questions