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23-July-2024 Team Medicover general-medicine

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Koppisetti Satya Naga Ravi Teja

What are the Side Effects of Minoxidil?

Minoxidil is a popular treatment for hair loss, particularly for male pattern baldness. While many users report positive results, it is essential to be aware of the potential side effects. It's important to note that the side effects can vary from person to person.

This article will cover the most common and rare side effects associated with Minoxidil so that you can make a better decision about using this treatment.

What Is Minoxidil?

Minoxidil is a medicine used to treat hair loss and increase hair regrowth in both men and women. Originally developed as an oral drug for high blood pressure, it was later discovered to stimulate hair growth when applied topically. Today, minoxidil is widely available in topical forms like liquid and foam, and in some cases, used orally under medical supervision.

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How Does It Work?

Minoxidil helps hair growth by opening up blood vessels and improving blood flow to the hair roots. This better circulation allows more oxygen and nutrients to reach the hair, which can help keep it growing longer and encourage new growth.

It also helps reactivate dormant hair follicles, especially in individuals experiencing androgenetic alopecia. Though the exact mechanism isnâ€™t completely known, minoxidil is clinically proven to slow hair thinning and improve hair density when used consistently.

Common Side Effects of Minoxidil

Scalp Irritation

One of the most frequently reported side effects of Minoxidil scalp treatment is scalp irritation. Users may experience redness, itching or dryness when the product is applied. To minimise irritation, follow the doctor's recommendations regarding usage and dosage.

Unwanted Facial Hair Growth

Minoxidil stimulates hair growth, but this can sometimes result in unwanted hair growth in other areas of the body like on the face. This side effect is more common in women but can also occur in men. Always wash your hands after using the product to avoid this problem.

Shedding

Some users experience increased hair shedding when they first start using Minoxidil hair loss treatment. It's important to remember that this is usually a temporary phase that occurs as the hair follicles make way for new growth. If shedding persists for more than a few weeks, consult your healthcare provider for reassurance and guidance.

Less Common Side Effects of Minoxidil

Dizziness

Some people may feel dizzy after using Minoxidil, although it is not very common. If you do feel dizzy, it's best to sit or lie down until the feeling goes away. If the dizziness doesnâ€™t go away, stop using the product and talk to a doctor.

Weight Gain

Unexpected weight gain is another rare side effect that some people might experience. This could happen if your body holds onto extra fluid because of the medication. If you notice that youâ€™ve gained a lot of weight, itâ€™s important to talk to your doctor to get the best solutions.

Sexual Side Effects of Minoxidil

Some people have shared that they experienced sexual side effects while using Minoxidil, although these cases are not common. A few users mentioned a drop in libido or other sexual dysfunctions. If you find yourself facing these kinds of side effects, it's important to talk to your doctor about what to do next.

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Minoxidil

Allergic Reactions

Though rare, some people may have an allergic reaction to Minoxidil. This could cause symptoms like swelling in the face, lips or tongue, trouble breathing or severe itching and rash. If you experience any of these symptoms, stop using the product and consult your doctor.

Heart Palpitations

Another rare but serious side effect is having heart palpitations, which means your heart might beat very quickly or in an irregular way. If you experience this after using Minoxidil, it's important to contact a doctor immediately, as it could be a sign of a more serious problem.

Topical Minoxidil Side Effects

Scalp Irritation: Commonly causes itching, redness, dryness or flaking, especially with the liquid form due to alcohol and propylene glycol. The foam version is usually better tolerated.
Initial Hair Shedding: A Temporary increase in shedding during the first few weeks is normal and usually a sign of new hair growth starting.
Unwanted Facial Hair: May occur if the product drips or spreads to other areas like the forehead or cheeks. Proper use and hand washing help prevent this.
Mild Headaches or Dizziness: Rare, but may occur if used in excessive amounts or applied improperly.
Build-up or Greasiness: Using too much product or applying it to a damp scalp can cause hair to become greasy or sticky.

Oral Minoxidil Side Effects

Fluid Retention: Swelling in the hands, feet or face is common due to water retention.
Weight Gain: Often linked to fluid retention rather than fat gain; should be monitored during use.
Increased Heart Rate or Palpitations: Can affect those with underlying heart conditions; requires close medical supervision.
Low Blood Pressure: This condition may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly.
Unwanted Hair Growth (Hypertrichosis): More likely than with topical use, often affecting arms, back or face.
Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath: Rare but serious side effectsâ€”seek medical help immediately if they occur.

How to Manage Minoxidil Side Effects

Minoxidil is a widely used treatment for hair loss, but it can cause side effects in some individuals. Understanding how to manage these effects can help you use the medication more comfortably and effectively over time.

Scalp Irritation or Itching

One of the most common side effects of minoxidil is scalp irritation, which may include itching, redness, dryness or a slight burning sensation. To reduce irritation, you can switch to the foam version of minoxidil and also you can use sulfate-free shampoo and keeping the scalp moisturised with natural oils or aloe vera can help soothe discomfort.

Excessive Hair Shedding Initially

Itâ€™s common to notice an increase in hair shedding during the first few weeks of using minoxidil. This shedding phase typically lasts 2 to 6 weeks and usually resolves on its own. Staying consistent with daily application and not stopping the treatment during this phase is essential for seeing long-term benefits.

Unwanted Hair Growth on Other Areas

Some users experience hair growth on areas like the forehead, cheeks or neck due to accidental spread or dripping of the solution. To manage this, always apply minoxidil carefully and directly to the scalp. Avoid using excessive amounts and ensure you wash your hands thoroughly after application.

Dizziness or Rapid Heartbeat

Some individuals may experience systemic side effects such as dizziness, palpitations or a fast heartbeat. If you experience any of these effects, it is important to stop using minoxidil immediately and consult your doctor. Such side effects usually resolve once the medication is discontinued or the dosage is adjusted.

Dryness, Flaking or Dandruff

Minoxidil can sometimes cause scalp dryness or flaking, particularly when used for an extended period. To manage this, use a gentle anti-dandruff shampoo into your routine once or twice a week. Regular scalp cleansing and using lightweight moisturisers can also help maintain scalp health and reduce dryness caused by the medication.

Greasy or Sticky Hair

If your hair feels greasy or sticky after using minoxidil, it could be because you're using too much or not applying it correctly. To avoid this problem, apply the recommended amount to a dry scalp. It's important not to use it on wet hair since this can mix with the product and make it less effective.

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Conclusion

Minoxidil can be a helpful option for treating hair loss, but itâ€™s important to follow the instructions for use and if you notice anything unusual, talk to a doctor. By staying informed, you can manage its side effects effectively and get the best results.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, minoxidil can cause skin irritation and itching, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or those using higher concentrations of the medication.

Yes, minoxidil can cause cardiovascular side effects such asrapid heartbeat (tachycardia),chest painand fluid retention leading to swelling in the hands or feet. These side effects are more likely with oral minoxidil but can rarely occur with topical use as well

Yes, for most people. It's generally safe when used as directed, but long-term use is needed to maintain results.

Rarely. Most side effects like irritation or shedding are reversible. Permanent damage is uncommon but consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

Mild side effects like itching or dryness often improve within a few weeks. If they donâ€™t, or if they worsen, talk to your doctor.

Mild itching is common. Try using a lower strength or a foam version. Stop if itching is severe or comes with redness or rash.

Not medically, but stopping it can cause hair regrowth to reverse within a few months.