Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Badal Shivnarayan Taori, General Medicine

Hepatitis B Vaccine: Schedule, Doses, Uses, and Side Effects

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and even death. Thankfully, there is a way to prevent this disease: the hepatitis B vaccine. In this article, we will discuss the importance of the hepatitis B vaccination, the vaccination schedule, and other essential information to help you understand why getting vaccinated is crucial.

What Is the Hepatitis B Vaccine Used For?

The hepatitis B vaccine is primarily used to prevent HBV infection. Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, body fluids, or during childbirth. The vaccine helps the immune system develop protection, reducing the risk of developing acute or chronic hepatitis, which can lead to severe liver complications.

People at higher risk—such as healthcare workers, newborns of HBV-positive mothers, people with multiple sexual partners, and those with chronic kidney disease—are strongly recommended to get vaccinated.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule

The hepatitis B vaccine schedule can vary depending on the individual's age and risk factors. The standard schedule includes three doses:

For some individuals, a four-dose schedule may be used, especially when combined vaccines are administered.

Why Hepatitis B Vaccination Is Important

Understanding Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. It is up to 100 times more infectious than HIV. Chronic hepatitis B infection can lead to serious health issues, including liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

The Benefits of Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective and has a good safety record. Getting vaccinated not only protects you but also helps prevent the spread of the virus to others.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Dose for Newborns

Newborns are particularly vulnerable to chronic HBV infection if exposed early. The hepatitis B vaccine dose for newborns is typically administered within 24 hours of birth, followed by two more doses at 1 and 6 months of age. This early vaccination significantly reduces the risk of long-term liver disease.

If the mother is known to be HBV-positive, newborns also receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) along with the first dose for added protection.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Dose for Adults

The hepatitis B vaccine dose for adults follows the standard 3-dose schedule unless accelerated dosing is needed. Adults who are at risk due to lifestyle, occupation, or health conditions should not skip this important immunization. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, usually in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm.

Hepatitis B Vaccine in Pregnancy

Safety During Pregnancy

The hepatitis B vaccine is considered safe for pregnant women. If you are pregnant and at risk of hepatitis B infection, it is important to get vaccinated to protect both yourself and your baby.

Newborn Vaccination

Newborns should receive their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth. This early vaccination helps protect them from getting infected with the virus from their mother or others.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Dose and Administration

Hepatitis B Vaccine Dose for Adults

For adults, the standard dose of the hepatitis B vaccine is 1.0 mL, administered intramuscularly (into the muscle), usually in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Dose for Newborns

Newborns receive a smaller dose of 0.5 mL, also administered intramuscularly.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Route

The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, which means it is injected into a muscle. This method ensures that the vaccine is absorbed effectively.

What If the 2nd Dose Is Delayed?

Catching Up on Delayed Doses

If the second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine is delayed, you should get it as soon as possible. There's no need to restart the series; just continue with the remaining doses according to the schedule.

Common Hepatitis B Vaccine Names

There are several hepatitis B vaccines available, including:

These vaccines are all effective in preventing hepatitis B infection.

Possible Side Effects of the Hepatitis B Vaccine

Common Side Effects

Like any vaccine, the hepatitis B vaccine can cause side effects. However, most side effects are mild and temporary. Common side effects include:

Serious Side Effects

Serious side effects are rare but can include allergic reactions. If you experience difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling of the face and throat after vaccination, seek medical attention immediately.

Importance of Completing the Vaccine Series

Completing the full series of hepatitis B vaccinations is crucial for full protection. Missing doses or not completing the series can leave you unprotected against the virus.

Conclusion

Hepatitis B is a dangerous virus that can lead to serious liver disease and even death. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent infection. By following the recommended vaccine schedule, you can protect yourself and help prevent the spread of this virus to others.

Whether you are an adult, pregnant, or a parent of a newborn, getting vaccinated against hepatitis B is an important step in safeguarding your health and the health of those around you.

Frequently Asked Questions