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Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (Menometrorrhagia): Causes
Every woman suffers from abnormal uterine bleeding at some point in her life. It can cause both emotional and physical stress. Though abnormal uterine is common, its management can be complex. Before going to know how to manage abnormal uterine bleeding, every woman should know the reason behind it.
Abnormal uterine bleeding is any bleeding from the uterus through vagina other than the normal monthly period. Extremely heavy bleeding during the periods can also be considered as the abnormal uterine bleeding. It is also known as “Dysfunctional uterine bleeding”.
What Causes Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding can be caused by many reasons. Some of the main reasons which could cause abnormal uterine bleeding include:
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Get A Second OpinionPolycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCOS is the common hormonal disorder that causes enlargement of ovaries and formation of cysts on the edges. Women with PCOS have irregular bleeding and experience fertility issues. It can cause acne, excessive hair growth on the face and body and even weight gain in the women who suffer from PCOS. The lack of ovulation in women with PCOS can cause abnormal uterine bleeding.
Hormonal Imbalance
Hormonal imbalances due to other medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can cause abnormal uterine bleeding. When the body produces excess or too little of thyroid, the menstrual cycle can be disturbed. Even low level of progesterone in the body cannot induce ovulation which disrupts the regularity of menstrual cycles and causes abnormal uterine bleeding.
Problems in Pregnancy
If women who are pregnant and experiencing any type of spotting is considered to have abnormal uterine bleeding and they should be evaluated by their obstetrician immediately. An abnormal uterine bleeding during pregnancy can indicate an ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage.
Side effects of Medications
Use of oral contraceptive pills can make changes in the regular menstrual cycles. They can alter the normal flow during the periods and cause bleeding in between the cycles which are considered as the abnormal uterine bleeding.
Side effect of IUD
Abnormal uterine bleeding is mostly seen in women with an intrauterine device. It often causes the heavier flow during the periods, especially during the first three months after insertion.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that affects womb and/or uterus. Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the main symptoms seen in women with pelvic inflammatory disease. PID can cause heavier flow during periods than usual or bleeding between periods or bleeding after an intercourse.
Fibroids, Abnormal growths, Polyps
The presence of abnormal uterine growths such as fibroids and polyps near the uterine lining can interfere with the blood flow to the lining. These can cause heavy periods, prolonged periods or spotting between the menses which are considered as the abnormal uterine bleeding.
Abnormal uterine bleeding is a health condition which shouldn't be handled alone. It needs immediate and proper treatment to avoid further complications. A woman with abnormal uterine bleeding should consult a gynecologist right away and share the symptoms that she experiences in detail. This helps to point out the main cause behind the condition which lets the doctor offer the best suitable treatment.
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Book an AppointmentSymptoms of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- Prolonged Bleeding: Menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than usual, extending beyond the typical duration of a period.
- Intermittent Bleeding: Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods, often referred to as intermenstrual bleeding.
- Severe Menstrual Pain: Experiencing significant pain or cramping during periods, which can be more intense than usual.
- Heavy Bleeding: Soaking through sanitary products quickly or needing to change them frequently due to excessive bleeding.
- Passing Large Blood Clots: Expelling large blood clots during menstruation, which can be indicative of heavier than normal bleeding.
- Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak, which can result from significant blood loss and anemia associated with heavy bleeding.
- Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge along with bleeding, which can vary in color and consistency.
- Pelvic Pain: Persistent or recurring pain in the pelvic area unrelated to the menstrual cycle.
- Unexplained Weight Changes: Unexplained weight gain or loss that could be related to hormonal imbalances affecting menstrual bleeding.
- Difficulty in Managing Menstrual Products: Frequent need to use higher absorbency products or multiple products simultaneously due to heavy bleeding.
- Anemia Symptoms: Symptoms like dizziness, shortness of breath, or pale skin, which can be associated with anemia caused by heavy bleeding.
These symptoms can vary based on the underlying cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and should be discussed with a gynecologist for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
It's important to see a doctor if you experience prolonged or heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, bleeding after menopause, or if your periods suddenly change in frequency or intensity.
Depending on the cause, abnormal bleeding may impact fertility. Treating the underlying condition can sometimes improve fertility outcomes.
In some cases, abnormal bleeding can be a sign of endometrial or cervical cancer, especially if it occurs after menopause. Prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider is essential.
Maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and avoiding smoking can support overall gynecological health and may help regulate menstrual cycles.
Yes, hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, or the contraceptive implant can often regulate menstrual bleeding patterns and reduce symptoms of AUB.
Chronic untreated bleeding can lead to anemia (low red blood cell count) due to blood loss, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and other health issues.
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