Oesophageal Cancer: Signs, Causes, And How To Treat

Oesophageal cancer, also known as esophageal cancer, develops in the lining of the oesophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The exact cause of oesophageal cancer is not fully understood, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing this disease.

Chronic irritation of the oesophagus, such as from smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can contribute to the development of oesophageal cancer. Additionally, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, and a history of certain other cancers can also play a role in increasing the risk of this type of cancer. It is important to be aware of these risk factors and discuss

What Are the Symptoms of Oesophageal Cancer

Oesophageal cancer can present with symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, unintentional weight loss, chest pain or discomfort, indigestion or heartburn that doesn't go away, hoarseness, chronic cough, or coughing up blood.

These symptoms can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. If you experience any persistent or concerning symptoms, it's important to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate management. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes, so don't hesitate to seek medical attention if you have any worries or doubts.

Difficulty swallowing, especially solid foods, can be a prominent symptom of oesophageal cancer.
Unexplained weight loss may occur as a result of oesophageal cancer affecting appetite and nutrient absorption.
Persistent chest pain or discomfort, often felt behind the breastbone, can be a sign of oesophageal cancer.
Chronic cough or hoarseness that doesn't improve with time could indicate oesophageal cancer affecting the nearby structures.
Frequent indigestion or heartburn, particularly if it worsens over time, might be linked to oesophageal cancer.

Get a second opinion from trusted experts and makeconfident, informed decisions.

Get Second Opinion

Causes of Oesophageal Cancer

The main factors contributing to oesophageal cancer include chronic irritation of the oesophagus from factors like smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Additionally, a diet low in fruits and vegetables and high in processed meats and nitrosamines may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Genetic factors and age also play a role in the development of oesophageal cancer. Regular screenings and lifestyle modifications can help reduce the risk of this disease.

Chronic acid reflux, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can lead to irritation and changes in the esophageal lining, increasing cancer risk.
Smoking tobacco products introduces harmful chemicals into the body, which can damage cells in the esophagus and contribute to cancer development.
Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate the esophageal lining, causing inflammation and potentially leading to the development of cancer over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer, possibly due to chronic inflammation and hormonal changes affecting cell growth.
Barrett's esophagus, a condition where the normal tissue lining the esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to the intestinal lining, is a significant risk factor for esophage

Types of Oesophageal Cancer

Oesophageal cancer can be broadly categorized into two main types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma typically originates in the squamous cells lining the oesophagus and is commonly linked to factors like smoking and alcohol consumption.

On the other hand, adenocarcinoma usually develops in the glandular cells of the lower oesophagus and is often associated with conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for individuals affected by oesophageal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma: This type of oesophageal cancer often develops in the lower part of the oesophagus and is linked to conditions like Barrett's oesophagus.
Squamous cell carcinoma: Arising from the cells that line the oesophagus, this type of cancer is commonly found in the upper and middle sections of the oesophagus.
Small cell carcinoma: A less common but aggressive type of oesophageal cancer that tends to grow and spread quickly, often requiring intensive treatment.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): Although rare in the oesophagus, these tumors can develop in the muscle or connective tissue layers of the oesoph

Risk Factors

Oesophageal cancer risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, older age, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables. Chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also increase the risk of developing this type of cancer.

Additionally, a history of certain conditions such as Barrett's oesophagus, a pre-cancerous condition of the oesophagus, can predispose individuals to oesophageal cancer. Genetics and family history may play a role in some cases, as well as exposure to certain environmental factors like asbestos or chemicals. Early detection and lifestyle modifications can help reduce the risk of developing oesophageal cancer.

Chronic acid reflux, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), increases the risk of developing oesophageal cancer.
Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for oesophageal cancer, as it damages the cells lining the oesophagus.
Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to irritation and inflammation of the oesophagus, raising the risk of cancer.
Obesity and being overweight are associated with an increased likelihood of developing oesophageal cancer.
A diet low in fruits and vegetables and high in processed or red meat may elevate the risk of oesophageal cancer.

Your health is everything - prioritize your well-being today.

Schedule Your Appointment

Diagnosis of Oesophageal Cancer

It often begins with a thorough physical examination and medical history review. Imaging tests such as a barium swallow, CT scan, or endoscopy may be performed to visualize the oesophagus and identify any abnormalities. If suspicious areas are found, a biopsy is usually conducted to collect tissue samples for further analysis.

Additionally, blood tests may be conducted to look for specific markers associated with oesophageal cancer. The combination of these diagnostic methods helps healthcare providers accurately diagnose and stage the disease, guiding treatment decisions.

Endoscopy is a primary method, allowing direct visualization and tissue biopsy for diagnosing oesophageal cancer.
Imaging tests like CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs help evaluate the extent of cancer spread.
Biopsies during endoscopy or surgery provide tissue samples for definitive cancer diagnosis.
Barium swallow X-rays can reveal abnormalities in the oesophagus that may indicate cancer.
Blood tests may be done to check for certain markers associated with oesophageal cancer.
Genetic testing may be recommended to identify specific gene mutations related to oesophageal cancer.
Endoscopic ultrasound can assess the cancer's depth and spread within the oesophageal wall.

Treatment for Oesophageal Cancer

Treatment options for oesophageal cancer typically involve a combination of approaches tailored to each individual's specific circumstances. Common treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy to target cancer cells, and radiation therapy to shrink or eliminate tumors. In some cases, a combination of these methods may be used to achieve the best results.

Additionally, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are emerging as promising options for certain types of oesophageal cancer. Patients may also benefit from palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the stage of cancer, overall health, and personal preferences, and is usually decided in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals.

Find Our Specialists

Book Doctor Appointment

Name*

Mobile Number*

I agree to the Medicover Privacy Policy

International Patient Services

Still have questions? Speak with our experts now!

040-68334455

Frequently Asked Questions

How can oesophageal cancer be identified through its signs?

Oesophageal cancer signs include difficulty swallowing, unintended weight loss, chest pain, and persistent cough or hoarseness.

Are there specific things I should or shouldn't do when dealing with oesophageal cancer?

Do: Follow treatment plan, maintain a healthy diet. Don't: Ignore symptoms, smoke or drink excessively. Seek medical advice promptly.

How can oesophageal cancer affect the body in the long term?

Oesophageal cancer can lead to weight loss, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and fatigue in the long term. It can also spread to other organs.

What treatment options are available for oesophageal cancer?

Treatment options for oesophageal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Treatment plans depend on the stage of the cancer.