Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: Symptoms and Risks

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) is a rare genetic neurological condition that causes severe headaches along with temporary paralysis on one side of the body. The primary impact of FHM on health is the disruption it causes in daily life due to the unpredictable nature of the attacks and the physical limitations that come with the paralysis. This can lead to challenges in performing daily activities and may affect overall well-being.

What are the Symptoms of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine is a rare type of migraine with distinct symptoms that can vary among individuals. People affected by this condition typically experience specific symptoms that set it apart from other types of migraines. These symptoms usually involve neurological manifestations and can be debilitating. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine.

Severe headache
Temporary weakness on one side of the body
Visual disturbances
Nausea and vomiting
Sensory changes
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech

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Causes of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Familial hemiplegic migraine is a rare type of migraine that has a genetic component. The main causes of this condition include genetic mutations that affect ion channels in the brain, specifically calcium and sodium channels. These mutations can disrupt the normal functioning of the brain cells, leading to the symptoms of hemiplegic migraine. Other factors that may contribute to the development of familial hemiplegic migraine include environmental triggers and lifestyle factors.

Genetic mutations
Changes in calcium channels
Disruption in neurotransmitter release
Abnormalities in ion channels

Types of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) is a rare genetic neurological disorder that runs in families. There are different types or forms of FHM, each associated with specific genetic mutations. These mutations affect the ion channels in the brain, leading to migraine symptoms along with temporary weakness on one side of the body. Understanding the various types of FHM is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition.

FHM1: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 1 is caused by mutations in the CACNA1A gene, leading to severe aura symptoms like temporary paralysis on one side of the body.
FHM2: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 is linked to mutations in the ATP1A2 gene, resulting in similar symptoms to FHM1 but with different genetic origins.
FHM3: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 3 is associated with mutations in the SCN1A gene, leading to hemiplegic migraine episodes and potential seizure activity.
FHM4: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 4 is a rare subtype caused by mutations in the PRRT2 gene, resulting in episodes of hemiplegic migraine along with other movement disorders.
FHM5: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 5 is a recently identified subtype with genetic mutations in the SLC4A4 gene, leading to hemiplegic migraine attacks and potentially other neurological symptoms.

Risk Factors

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine is a rare type of migraine that can run in families. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing this condition. These risk factors are associated with genetic mutations that affect the nervous system. Understanding these risk factors can help in identifying individuals who may be more likely to experience Familial Hemiplegic Migraine.

Genetic predisposition
Family history of migraines
Certain gene mutations
Environmental triggers
Gender (more common in females)

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Diagnosis of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

To diagnose Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM), healthcare providers consider symptoms reported by the patient. They may also review the individual's medical history to check for any patterns of migraines or related conditions within the family. Additionally, doctors may perform a physical examination and run specific tests to rule out other potential causes of symptoms. The diagnosis of FHM is typically based on a combination of these factors to determine the presence of this specific type of migraine disorder.

Genetic testing
Neurological examination
Imaging tests (MRI, CT scan)
Blood tests
Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Treatment for Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) is a rare genetic type of migraine that can cause temporary paralysis on one side of the body. Treatment for FHM focuses on managing symptoms and preventing attacks.

Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications to help manage symptoms and prevent future episodes of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine.
Lifestyle Changes: Making healthy lifestyle choices like getting enough sleep, reducing stress, and avoiding triggers can help prevent or reduce the frequency of migraines.
Biofeedback Therapy: Biofeedback therapy can help individuals learn to control certain bodily functions to reduce the intensity and frequency of migraines.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT can be beneficial in managing stress, anxiety, and depression associated with migraines, which may help reduce the severity of episodes.
Genetic Counseling: Genetic counseling can provide information about the condition, inheritance patterns, and potential risks to family members, aiding in making informed decisions about managing Familial Hemiplegic Migraine.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM)?

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura that runs in families and can cause temporary paralysis or weakness on one side of the body.