Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms And Care

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche, is a condition that causes redness, inflammation, and cracking at the corners of the mouth. This common condition can be uncomfortable but is generally not serious. The primary cause of angular cheilitis is often a combination of factors, including fungal or bacterial infections, nutritional deficiencies (such as low levels of iron, zinc, or B vitamins), poor hygiene, or excessive saliva accumulation in the corners of the mouth.

Additionally, factors like ill-fitting dentures, a weakened immune system, or certain medications can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. It is essential to address the underlying causes to effectively manage and prevent recurring episodes of this condition.

What Are the Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

Patients may experience pain, tenderness, and a burning sensation in the affected area. Crusting, blistering, or oozing of fluid can also occur, along with itching or a feeling of tightness. In some cases, there may be a foul smell or a bad taste in the mouth. It is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment of angular cheilitis to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Angular cheilitis may cause redness and inflammation at the corners of the mouth, often accompanied by pain or tenderness.
Cracking, fissures, or splits in the skin at the corners of the lips are common symptoms of angular cheilitis.
Patients with angular cheilitis may experience dryness, scaling, or crusting at the corners of the mouth.
Some individuals may develop ulcers or blisters at the angles of the lips due to angular cheilitis.
Angular cheilitis can lead to a sensation of burning or itching at the corners of the mouth, especially when eating or talking.

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Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis, a condition characterized by redness, inflammation, and cracking at the corners of the mouth, can have several causes. Common factors include fungal infections, particularly from Candida species, and bacterial infections, often due to Staphylococcus aureus. Nutritional deficiencies, especially of iron, zinc, or B vitamins, can weaken the skin's integrity, making it more susceptible to infection.

Additionally, factors like drooling, ill-fitting dentures, or excessive licking of the lips can create a moist environment that promotes microbial growth, exacerbating the condition. Proper diagnosis and treatment by a healthcare provider are essential to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms effectively.

Angular cheilitis can be caused by fungal infections, such as Candida albicans, which thrive in the moist corners of the mouth.
Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly iron, zinc, and B vitamins, can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis.
Excessive saliva accumulation due to conditions like drooling, lip-licking, or poorly fitting dentures can create a favorable environment for angular cheilitis.
Reduced immune function, as seen in conditions like HIV/AIDS or autoimmune diseases, can increase susceptibility to angular cheilitis infections.
Skin irritations from harsh weather conditions, allergic reactions to certain substances, or poor oral hygiene practices can trigger angular cheilitis.

Types Of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche or cheilosis, can manifest in different types based on the underlying causes. The most common types include infectious angular cheilitis, which is linked to bacterial or fungal infections; nutritional deficiency-related angular cheilitis, often due to deficiencies in vitamins like B vitamins, iron, or zinc; and allergic angular cheilitis, triggered by contact allergies or irritants. Additionally, there is also angular cheilitis associated with oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by Candida yeast. Each type may require specific treatments tailored to address the root cause effectively.

Types of Angular Cheilitis:

Acute Angular Cheilitis: Acute angular cheilitis presents with sudden onset inflammation and redness at the corners of the mouth.
Chronic Angular Cheilitis: Chronic angular cheilitis is characterized by persistent, recurring inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth.
Infectious Angular Cheilitis: Infectious angular cheilitis is often caused by fungal or bacterial infections, leading to painful, inflamed lesions.
Nutritional Deficiency-Related Angular Cheilitis: Nutritional deficiency-related angular cheilitis can occur due to deficiencies in iron, zinc, or B vitamins, manifesting as cracked

Risk Factors

Several risk factors can contribute to its development. Common factors include nutritional deficiencies, particularly of iron, vitamin B, and zinc, which weaken the immune system. Poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, drooling, and frequent lip-licking can also create a warm, moist environment ideal for fungal or bacterial overgrowth. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes or HIV/AIDS, are at higher risk. Additionally, factors like age, smoking, and certain medications can further predispose individuals to angular cheilitis.

Poorly fitting dentures can increase the risk of Angular cheilitis by creating a moist environment where fungi and bacteria can thrive.
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B and iron, can weaken the immune system and contribute to the development of Angular cheilitis.
Immunocompromised conditions, such as HIV/AIDS or diabetes, can make individuals more susceptible to Angular cheilitis due to compromised immune responses.
Excessive saliva production, often seen in conditions like drooling or mouth breathing, can lead to moisture buildup at the corners of the mouth, increasing the risk of Angular cheilitis.
Chronic lip licking or biting habits can damage the skin around the mouth, making it more vulnerable to infection and inflammation, potentially leading to

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Diagnosis of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis is typically diagnosed through a visual examination of the corners of the mouth, where symptoms like redness, cracking, and inflammation are observed. Medical history and lifestyle factors are also considered during the diagnostic process. In some cases, healthcare providers may perform tests to rule out underlying causes such as fungal or bacterial infections, nutritional deficiencies, or autoimmune conditions. These tests may include swabs for cultures, blood tests, or skin biopsies. Proper diagnosis is crucial to determine the appropriate treatment plan and address the underlying factors contributing to the condition.

Angular cheilitis can usually be diagnosed based on physical examination of the corners of the mouth.
In some cases, a swab of the affected area may be taken to check for bacterial or fungal infections.
Blood tests may be conducted to rule out underlying conditions like nutritional deficiencies or immune system disorders.
A biopsy may be performed if the diagnosis is uncertain or if there are atypical features present.

Treatment for Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis, a condition characterized by redness, fissuring, and soreness at the corners of the mouth, can be effectively treated through various methods. Topical antifungal or antibacterial creams can help combat underlying infections, while over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams can reduce inflammation and discomfort.

In more severe cases, oral antifungal medications or antibiotics may be prescribed. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene, ensuring proper nutrition with adequate intake of B vitamins and zinc, and avoiding irritants like citrus foods can help prevent and alleviate angular cheilitis. Consulting a healthcare provider for a personalized treatment plan is essential for successful management of this condition.

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