Adenoma of the Adrenal Gland: Symptoms & Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Kurumeti Vamsi Krishna , Endocrinologist

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An adrenal adenoma is a non-cancerous growth that forms in one of the adrenal glands, which sit just above your kidneys. Sometimes, these adenomas don't cause any issues, but in some cases, they may release excess hormones that can affect your body's functions, like blood pressure, metabolism, and stress levels.

With timely diagnosis and proper treatment, most people can effectively manage the condition and avoid further health issues.

What Are the Symptoms and Warning Signs of Adrenal Adenoma?

The symptoms can vary based on whether the adenoma is affecting hormone levels. Noticing the signs early can help prevent serious health issues.

Common Symptoms

• Sudden weight gain without reason
• Feeling tired or weak all the time
• High blood pressure that doesn't settle
• Mood changes or feeling easily irritated
• Irregular periods in women

Severe Symptoms

• Muscle weakness that comes suddenly
• Severe headaches without a clear cause
• Very low potassium levels
• Trouble with vision
• Extra hair growth in women (especially on the face or body)

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What Are the Different Types of Adrenal Adenoma?

Adrenal adenomas are mainly grouped based on whether they produce hormones or not. Understanding the types can help doctors decide the proper treatment for you.

• Non-Functional Adenoma: These don't release any extra hormones and are often found by chance during tests done for other reasons. Most of the time, they don't cause problems and need regular follow-up.
• Functional Adenoma: These produce extra hormones, which may lead to health issues. They can be further divided into:
• Cortisol-producing adenoma may lead to Cushing's syndrome.
• Aldosterone-producing adenoma can cause high blood pressure due to too much aldosterone.
• Androgen/Estrogen-Producing Adenoma may disturb hormone balance, especially in women.

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What Are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Adrenal Adenoma?

In many cases, the exact reason behind adrenal adenoma isn't known. However, specific causes and risk factors can increase your chances of developing this condition.

Causes of Adrenal Adenoma

• Changes (mutations) in adrenal gland cells
• Overgrowth of adrenal gland tissue
• Inherited conditions like Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

Risk Factors of Adrenal Adenoma

• Age above 40 years
• Being overweight or having obesity
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes (especially Type 2)
• Family history of adrenal or hormonal disorders

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How is Adrenal Adenoma Diagnosed?

Diagnosing adrenal adenoma involves checking hormone levels and getting clear images of the adrenal glands. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to managing the condition effectively.

Common Diagnostic Tests Include

• Blood and urine tests to measure hormone levels (cortisol, aldosterone, etc.)
• CT Scan or MRI to detect the size, shape, and location of the adrenal tumor
• Adrenal vein sampling (in some cases) to find out which gland is overactive

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What Are the Treatment Options for Adrenal Adenoma?

The treatment depends on whether the adenoma is functional (hormone-producing) or not. The primary goal is to regulate hormone levels and prevent complications.

Common Treatments Include

• Medications: Used to manage hormone imbalance or blood pressure in some cases
• Surgery (Adrenalectomy): Required if the adenoma is functional or larger; typically done laparoscopically with quick recovery
• Hormone therapy May be advised after surgery, depending on hormonal needs.

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When to See a Doctor?

Don't ignore signs like persistent high blood pressure, unexplained weight changes, or fatigue. These could be linked to adrenal hormone imbalance.

See a Doctor If

• Symptoms last for more than two weeks
• You notice a sudden spike in BP or severe weakness
• You have a family history of adrenal or hormonal disorders

High-Risk Groups

• Adults above 40
• People with uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension
• Those with a history of endocrine conditions

Medicover's expert doctors are trained to detect and treat adrenal disorders early, helping you stay ahead of complications with timely care.

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What Is the Recovery Process After Adrenal Adenoma Treatment?

Recovery after adrenal adenoma treatment depends on the type of treatment and the patient's overall health. Most patients experience improvement within a few weeks, especially after surgery, with proper care and support.

Follow-up Care

• Hormone levels will be checked regularly after treatment
• Scans may be advised to monitor adrenal function
• Doctor visits every few months in the beginning, later once a year

Lifestyle & Diet Tips

• Eat a healthy, low-salt diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables
• Stay active with regular walking or light exercises
• Practice stress-relief methods like yoga or meditation

Long-Term Outlook

Most patients do very well after treatment. If hormones are affected, some individuals may require long-term medication. At Medicover, we guide patients through recovery with the help of our endocrinologists, dietitians, and wellness team, ensuring your health stays on track.

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What Precautions Can Help Prevent Adrenal Adenoma?

Adrenal adenomas can't always be avoided, but taking care of your health can reduce the risk and help catch it early if it does occur.

Prevention

• Keep your BP and sugar levels under control
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Go for regular health check-ups, especially if you have hormonal issues in the family
• Say no to smoking and limit alcohol use

Complications

• Hormone imbalance can affect your heart and kidneys
• This can lead to very high blood pressure or weakness
• Risk of developing conditions like Cushing's syndrome

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Our Experience Treating Adrenal Adenoma

At Medicover, our highly experienced doctors have successfully treated many patients with adrenal adenomas. With advanced diagnostic tools, skilled surgeons, and personalised treatment plans, we ensure each patient receives safe, effective, and proper care throughout their journey.

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