Symptom of Addictive Behaviour: Its Causes and Management

Types of Addictive Behavior

There are two main groups of addiction:

• Substance addictions (substance use disorders)
• Non-substance addictions (behavioral addictions)

Substance Addictions

Substance addiction is now referred to as substance use disorder by medical professionals. Specific diagnostic standards for substance use disorders can be found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Drugs with the potential for addiction are substances. They include the following and can be either non-medical or prescription drugs:

• Booze
• Coffee
• Cannabis or hemp
• Hallucinogens, including LSD and PCP
• Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics (anti-anxiety medications), including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and sleeping pills
• Paint thinners, aerosol sprays, gasses, and nitrites (poppers) are examples of inhalants
• Opioids with and without prescriptions, include heroin, oxycodone, and codeine
• Stimulants with and without prescriptions, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and Adderall
• Tobacco and nicotine products, including e-cigarettes and traditional cigarette

Non-Substance Addictions

Any behavior that activates your brain's reward system has the potential to lead to behavioral addictions. The parallels and contrasts between behavioral addictions, chemical addictions, and other disorders characterized by compulsive behavior, such as bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are still being researched by behavioral scientists.

Only the category of "non-substance-related disorders" under "substance-related and addictive disorders" in the DSM-5 presently accepts gambling disorder as a diagnosable behavioral addiction.

Other behavioral addictions are not currently included in the DSM-5 since there is insufficient research on them. But any habit or hobby that takes over your life and interferes with your day-to-day functioning can lead to serious problems with your mental, social, and physical health and in certain situations, your finances as well.

Conditions that Cause Addictive Behaviour

Addictive behaviour can be triggered or worsened by underlying medical, psychological, or social conditions, including:

• Mental Health Disorders: Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are often linked to addiction due to self-medication tendencies.
• Genetics: A family history of addiction increases vulnerability to addictive behaviours.
• Trauma or Stress: Past abuse, chronic stress, or PTSD can drive individuals toward addictive coping mechanisms.
• Neurological Imbalances: Irregular dopamine activity in the brain reinforces the desire to repeat addictive behaviours.
• Environmental Influence: Being around individuals who use substances or facing loneliness can increase the likelihood of starting addictive habits.
• Low Impulse Control: Difficulty in managing impulses can make it hard to resist the temptation of addictive substances or actions.

Common Causes of Addictive Behaviour

The following factors commonly contribute to the development of addictive behaviours:

• Substance Exposure: Use of nicotine, alcohol, or drugs can quickly trigger dependency.
• Unmanaged Emotional Pain: People often turn to addictive behaviours to escape emotional discomfort.
• Lack of Purpose or Identity: Feelings of emptiness or lack of direction can lead to addiction as a coping tool.
• Poor Coping Mechanisms: Inability to manage stress in healthy ways may result in turning to substances or risky behaviours.
• Reward Sensitivity: Some individuals have heightened sensitivity to rewards, reinforcing addiction faster.

Symptoms of Addictive Behaviour

Addictive behaviour may appear in various forms, including:

• Loss of Control: Inability to limit use or behaviour despite the desire to stop.
• Neglecting Responsibilities: Missing work, school, or personal obligations due to addiction.
• Tolerance Buildup: Needing more of the substance or activity to achieve the same effect.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Irritability, anxiety, or physical discomfort when not engaging in the behaviour.
• Continued Use Despite Harm: Persisting even when aware of negative consequences.
• Secrecy and Isolation: Hiding behaviour from others and withdrawing socially.

When to Visit a Doctor?

It’s important to consult a professional if:

• Behaviour becomes compulsive and unmanageable.
• You experience withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop.
• Daily functioning is impaired due to addiction.
• Relationships or responsibilities are being damaged.
• There are mental health issues like depression or anxiety linked to the behaviour.

Diagnosis for Addictive Behaviour

Diagnosing addiction involves psychological assessments and history review:

• Clinical Interview: A mental health professional evaluates patterns of use and behavioural impact.
• DSM-5 Criteria: Used to classify substance use disorders and behavioural addictions.
• Questionnaires: Tools like the AUDIT or DAST help identify severity and type of addiction.
• Physical Exam: Checks for related health issues or substance effects on the body.
• Mental Health Evaluation: Assesses co-occurring psychiatric conditions.

Treatment and Management for Addictive Behaviour

Treatment plans are personalized and may include:

• Detoxification: Supervised withdrawal for substance-related addictions.
• Medications: Drugs like naltrexone, buprenorphine, or antidepressants may help control urges.
• Counseling & Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and group therapy.
• Rehabilitation Programs: Inpatient or outpatient rehab for structured recovery support.
• Peer Support Groups: Participation in groups like AA or NA to share and heal.

Prevention for Addictive Behaviour

Simple preventive strategies can reduce the risk of developing addiction:

• Early Education: Teach youth about the risks of addiction and healthy habits.
• Healthy Coping Skills: Learn to manage emotions and stress constructively.
• Positive Social Networks: Surround yourself with supportive, non-addictive influences.
• Routine Mental Health Checkups: Regular therapy or counseling can detect early signs.

Lifestyle Changes for Addictive Behaviour

Daily adjustments can aid recovery and prevent relapse:

• Structured Routine: Helps avoid triggers and maintain discipline.
• Exercise & Nutrition: Regular physical activity and a balanced diet support mental clarity.
• Avoid High-Risk Situations: Stay away from people or environments that encourage addictive behaviour.
• Build Meaningful Hobbies: Engage in purposeful, fulfilling activities that replace the addiction.

Home Remedies for Addictive Behaviour

While not a replacement for professional care, these can offer additional support:

• Mindfulness & Meditation: Reduces stress and improves impulse control.
• Herbal Supplements: Valerian root or passionflower may ease anxiety symptoms.
• Journaling: Helps identify triggers and track progress.
• Supportive Conversations: Talking regularly with trusted friends or mentors promotes accountability.