Vertebral Artery Dissection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Harish R Naik , Neurosurgeon

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Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a serious condition that affects blood flow to the brain due to a tear in the artery wall. It can lead to stroke or other neurological complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing long-term damage and enhancing patient outcomes.

What are the Vertebral Artery Dissection Symptoms and Warning Signs?

Recognizing the signs of vertebral artery dissection is crucial, as symptoms can be sudden and severe. Timely identification can prevent stroke and other complications. These symptoms can vary depending on whether the dissection is intracranial or extracranial, and may mimic other neurological conditions.

Common Symptoms

• Severe, unilateral neck pain
• Headache at the back of the head
• Dizziness or vertigo.

Severe Symptoms

• Double vision (diplopia)
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Ataxia (impaired coordination)
• Numbness or weakness in the face or limbs
• Stroke-like symptoms (sudden numbness, confusion, vision loss).

Seek immediate medical care if you experience sudden neurological symptoms, especially following neck trauma or strain.

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What are the Different Types of Vertebral Artery Dissection?

Vertebral artery dissection can be classified as traumatic or spontaneous based on its origin. Traumatic VAD occurs after physical injury, while spontaneous VAD may result from underlying health conditions. The location (intracranial or extracranial) also influences symptoms and treatment approaches. Understanding the type helps guide the best course of treatment.

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What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Vertebral Artery Dissection?

Understanding what leads to VAD can help with prevention and early detection. Both traumatic and non-traumatic factors may play a role. Early identification of risk factors is crucial for managing the risk of developing vertebral artery dissection, particularly in individuals with a predisposition.

Causes

• Neck injury from accidents or falls
• Chiropractic neck manipulation
• Sudden, strenuous neck movement.

Risk Factors

• Connective tissue disorders (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan syndrome)
• Hypertension
• Infections cause blood vessel inflammation. When such risk factors are present, even minor trauma may increase the likelihood of VAD.

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How is Vertebral Artery Dissection Diagnosed?

Prompt and accurate diagnosis is vital for appropriate treatment. At Medicover, we use advanced imaging and neurological assessments to confirm VAD. These diagnostic tools help distinguish VAD from other conditions, ensuring that treatment is initiated without delay.

Diagnostic Methods

• MRI with MRA to detect arterial tears and blood flow issues
• CTA (Computed Tomography Angiography) for detailed vascular imaging
• Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow in the neck arteries
• Complete neurological and medical history evaluation

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What are the Treatment Options for Vertebral Artery Dissection?

Treatment focuses on preventing stroke and promoting artery healing. Medicover offers a multidisciplinary approach customized to the severity and individual needs of each patient. Treatment plans are based on the location and extent of the dissection, as well as the patient's overall health.

Treatment Approaches

• Anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications to prevent clots
• Pain relievers for headaches and neck pain
• Endovascular procedures like stenting or coiling, if needed
• Surgical repair or bypass surgery may be required in rare cases. Recovery time varies, but early intervention typically yields better results.

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When to See a Doctor?

See a doctor immediately if you experience:

• Sudden neck pain or headache, unlike any previous one
• Neurological symptoms like vision changes, difficulty speaking, or limb weakness
• Symptoms after neck trauma, manipulation, or heavy activity. Early consultation helps prevent complications and allows for faster recovery through prompt treatment.

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What Is the Recovery Process After Vertebral Artery Dissection Treatment?

Recovery depends on the extent of damage and response to treatment. Most patients require follow-up imaging and rehabilitation. At Medicover, we provide complete recovery support, including therapy, medication reviews, and ongoing monitoring, to help patients regain function and minimize future risks.

• Regular follow-up imaging to monitor healing
• Physical, occupational, or speech therapy for neurological recovery
• Lifestyle changes, including blood pressure control and avoiding neck strain
• Medicover offers post-treatment support to aid long-term recovery

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What Precautions Can Help Prevent Vertebral Artery Dissection?

Prevention is key, especially for those with risk factors. Avoiding known triggers and managing chronic conditions can lower the chance of artery damage. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle are essential for maintaining a strong and resilient vascular system.

Prevention

• Avoid excessive or sudden neck movements
• Manage chronic conditions like hypertension
• Get regular checkups if you have a connective tissue disorder.

Complications

• Stroke
• Chronic headache or neck pain
• Neurological deficits (balance issues, vision problems)

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Our Experience Treating Vertebral Artery Dissection

At Medicover, we specialize in the early diagnosis and treatment of vertebral artery dissection. With advanced imaging, expert neurologists, and complete rehabilitation services, we strive to minimize complications and improve our patients' quality of life through individual care. Compassionate, evidence-based care is at the heart of what we do.

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