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Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms and Risks
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops underneath the fingernails or toenails. This condition can have a significant impact on health as it has the potential to spread and affect surrounding tissues if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect any abnormal changes in the nails to prevent further complications and ensure early detection and appropriate management of the condition.
Symptoms of Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subungual squamous cell carcinoma may present with certain symptoms that affect the nail and surrounding tissues.
- Persistent swelling around the nail
- Discoloration or darkening of the nail
- Brittle or cracked nails
- Bleeding or ulceration under the nail
- Chronic pain or tenderness in the nail area
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Get Second OpinionCauses of Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma is primarily caused by chronic irritation or trauma to the nail bed.
- Chronic trauma or injury to the nail bed
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Smoking
- Genetic predisposition
- Immunosuppression
Types of Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subungual squamous cell carcinoma can present in various forms or types, each with distinct characteristics and implications for diagnosis and treatment.
- Superficial Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSSC): A type of SCC that typically affects the nail plate surface and grows slowly.
- Nodular Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Presents as a raised, firm nodule under the nail plate, often associated with ulceration.
- Pigmented Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Exhibits pigmentation within the tumor, resembling melanoma, but with SCC characteristics.
- Invasive Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Characterized by deep invasion into surrounding tissues, potentially leading to more aggressive behavior.
- Multifocal Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Occurs when there are multiple areas of SCC within the nail unit, requiring thorough evaluation and management.
Risk Factors
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma risk factors include chronic irritation or injury to the nail bed, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Risk Factors for Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
- Chronic trauma or irritation to the nail bed
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Smoking
- Family history of skin cancer
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Diagnosis of Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests.
- Biopsy
- Dermoscopy
- Imaging studies
Treatment for Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma is typically treated with procedures aimed at removing cancerous cells while preserving finger function and appearance.
Surgical Excision:
- The main treatment for Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma involves surgically removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery:
- Mohs surgery is a specialized technique that allows for precise removal of the tumor layer by layer, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Radiation Therapy:
- Radiation therapy may be used as a primary treatment for Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma, especially in cases where surgery is not feasible or to target residual tumor cells postsurgery.
Topical Chemotherapy:
- Topical chemotherapy agents like 5fluorouracil (5FU) or imiquimod may be applied directly to the affected area to treat superficial forms of Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Cryotherapy:
- Cryotherapy involves freezing the cancerous tissue using liquid nitrogen, leading to cell destruction. It may be used as a treatment option for small, superficial Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma lesions.
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040-68334455Frequently Asked Questions
What is subungual squamous cell carcinoma?
Subungual squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops beneath the nail. It typically affects the skin under the fingernails or toenails.
What are the symptoms of subungual squamous cell carcinoma?
Symptoms may include a dark streak or discoloration under the nail, nail deformity, nail lifting, and ulceration. It can be mistaken for a fungal infection or injury.
How is subungual squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, biopsy of the affected area, and possibly imaging tests to determine the extent of the cancer.
What are the treatment options for subungual squamous cell carcinoma?
Treatment may involve surgical removal of the affected nail and surrounding tissue, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on the stage of cancer.
What is the prognosis for subungual squamous cell carcinoma?
With early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally good. However, advanced cases may have a higher risk of recurrence and spread to other parts of the body. Regular followups are essential.
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