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Pulmonary Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Swapnil Sanjay Kakad , Pulmonologists
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung condition where the tissues inside your lungs become scarred and stiff. This scarring makes it hard to breathe deeply and get enough oxygen into your body.
It may develop slowly or progress more quickly depending on the individual. In many cases, the exact cause isn't known.
What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease that causes the lungs to become thick and stiff due to scarring. This makes it harder for the lungs to expand properly, so breathing becomes more difficult over time. You might feel short of breath doing daily activities like walking or climbing stairs.
When the cause isn't known, it's called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of the disease.
What are the Pulmonary Fibrosis Causes and Symptoms?
Pulmonary fibrosis can develop for many reasons or sometimes none at all. In many patients, it's labeled idiopathic, meaning the exact cause isn't known. However, several environmental, medical, and lifestyle-related factors have been linked to the condition:
- Pulmonary fibrosis can be caused by many things, including:
- Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
- Breathing in harmful substances like asbestos, dust, or mold
- Certain medications or radiation therapy
- Smoking
The signs of pulmonary fibrosis often develop slowly and may be mistaken for other common conditions. Over time, these symptoms can become more noticeable and may affect everyday life.
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity
- Persistent dry cough
- Feeling tired often
- Unexplained weight loss
- Clubbing of fingers (round, enlarged fingertips)
- Bluish lips or nails (a sign of low oxygen)
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Get Second OpinionWhat are the Types of Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a group of lung diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) in the lungs. This scarring makes it hard for the lungs to work properly. There are several types, classified based on their causes or patterns of damage.
Here are the main types
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
- Connective Tissue Disease-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Occupational or Environmental Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Drug or Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Chronic)
- Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis
How is Pulmonary Fibrosis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis involves a combination of imaging tests, breathing assessments, and sometimes tissue sampling. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to managing the disease effectively.
- Chest X-rays or CT scans
- Lung function tests to see how well you're breathing
- Blood tests
- Bronchoscopy or a lung biopsy in some cases
- Tests to rule out other lung or heart conditions
What are the Treatment Options for Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Treatment for pulmonary fibrosis aims to slow disease progression, relieve symptoms, and enhance quality of life. While the condition isn't curable, several medical and supportive therapies can help manage it effectively. These may include:
- Antifibrotic medications like pirfenidone or nintedanib to slow lung scarring
- Corticosteroids, in some cases, to reduce inflammation
- Oxygen therapy to support breathing
- Pulmonary rehabilitation (breathing exercises and physical therapy)
- Lung transplant in advanced cases
- Participation in clinical trials for newer treatments
What is the Recovery Process after Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Recovery focuses on long-term management, not a cure. Our team includes pulmonologists, rehabilitation specialists, and support staff who work closely with patients to manage symptoms, recommend dietary and lifestyle changes, and track disease progression.
Regular follow-ups, oxygen support if needed, and staying active with light exercise can make a big difference. Managing infections, avoiding lung irritants, and sticking to medications are also key parts of recovery.
At Medicover Hospitals, we offer complete care for pulmonary fibrosis, from early diagnosis to personalized treatment.
When to See a Doctor
If you're experiencing persistent shortness of breath, an unexplained dry cough, or increasing fatigue, it's important to consult a doctor. Early medical attention can help detect pulmonary fibrosis before it worsens and improve your chances of managing it effectively.
See a doctor if you notice:
- Ongoing shortness of breath
- Cough that doesn't go away
- Getting tired of doing things you used to manage easily
- Chest pain or confusion
- Go to the ER or call for help if your breathing suddenly gets worse or if you have bluish skin or lips.
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What are the Possible Complications of Pulmonary Fibrosis?
As the disease progresses, your lungs find it harder to supply oxygen to the rest of your body.
This may lead to:
- Low oxygen levels (hypoxia)
- High blood pressure in the lungs
- Lung infections
- Respiratory failure
- Heart strain or heart failure
What are the Common Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fibrosis?
You may be at a higher risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis if you:
- Are over the age of 65
- Are male
- Have a family history of PF
- Have certain rare genetic conditions
- Have had long-term exposure to lung irritants or smoke
How to Take Care of Yourself
- Avoid smoking and stay away from secondhand smoke
- Wear a mask if working around dust, chemicals, or mold
- Get vaccinated against flu, pneumonia, RSV, and COVID-19
- Wash your hands regularly and avoid crowded places during flu season
- Eat a healthy diet and keep moving as much as your condition allows
Whether you're looking for a diagnosis or support in managing the condition, trusted specialists and care plans can make all the difference.
Our Experience in Treating Pulmonary Fibrosis
At Medicover Hospitals, we have strong experience in treating pulmonary fibrosis. Our expert team includes lung doctors, imaging specialists, and breathing therapists who work closely together. We use advanced tests to find the problem early and create a treatment plan that fits your needs.
Our goal is to help you breathe better, feel more comfortable, and improve your quality of life. With the right care and support, we're here to help you at every step.
