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What Is Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD)?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Girija Sachdev , Rheumatologist
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) occurs when calcium crystals build up in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and inflammation. This condition can significantly affect mobility and quality of life if left untreated. In this guide, we'll explore what causes HADD, the symptoms to watch for, and the most effective treatment options to manage it and find fast relief.
What is Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) is a condition characterised by the accumulation of hydroxyapatite crystals in soft tissues, including tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules.
This pathological calcification can lead to pain, inflammation, and restricted joint movement. It often affects the shoulders but can also involve the hips, knees, wrists, and other joints. HAD is a common cause of calcific tendinitis and is one of the key contributors to joint pain and stiffness.
What are the Symptoms and Warning Signs of Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
Symptoms of HADD can be acute or chronic and may vary based on the severity and location of the deposits.
Acute Symptoms
- Intense localised pain, often sudden and severe
- Swelling, redness, and warmth around the affected joint
- Limited range of motion due to inflammation and pain
Chronic Symptoms
- Persistent aching in the joint
- Stiffness, especially after periods of rest
- Recurring flare-ups triggered by stress or physical activity
Recognising these HADD symptoms early can aid in timely diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes.
What are the Causes and Risk Factors of Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
HADD is typically idiopathic but may be influenced by multiple factors:
Causes of Hydroxyapatite Deposition
- Genetic predisposition that affects calcium regulation
- Metabolic disorders like hypercalcemia or hyperparathyroidism
- Repetitive trauma or mechanical stress on joints
- Age-related degeneration of tissues
Risk Factors for Hydroxyapatite Deposition
- Family history of calcific tendonitis or soft tissue calcification
- Underlying metabolic or endocrine disorders
- Participation in high-impact physical activities
- Aging and joint wear over time
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Get Second OpinionWhat are the Different Types of Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
Though HADD is generally referred to as a single condition, it may be categorised based on the location of crystal deposits or associated clinical presentations:
- Calcific Tendinitis: Commonly affects the shoulder rotator cuff and is the most recognised form.
- Periarticular Calcification: Deposits occur around joints but not within them.
- Intra-articular Calcification: Crystals accumulate inside the joint capsule.
- Systemic HADD: Rare, widespread deposits in multiple joints, sometimes associated with metabolic or genetic disorders.
How is Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease Diagnosed?
Diagnosing HADD involves a combination of clinical evaluations and imaging tests:
Clinical Assessment
- Patient history focusing on pain duration, triggers, and prior injuries
- Physical examination to assess swelling, tenderness, and range of motion
Imaging Studies
- X-rays: Detect calcific deposits in soft tissues
- Ultrasound: Visualises soft tissue and detects crystal presence
- MRI: Assesses inflammation, joint damage, and extent of deposits
Laboratory Tests
- Serum calcium and phosphate levels to check for metabolic conditions
- CRP and ESR to evaluate inflammation levels
Health Implications and Complications of Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease
If left untreated or poorly managed, HADD can lead to the following complications:
- Chronic joint pain and impaired function
- Joint deformities from prolonged inflammation
- Loss of mobility affecting daily activities
- Secondary osteoarthritis due to joint degradation
Long-term soft tissue calcification may result in permanent damage to joints and tendons, especially if not diagnosed early.
Treatment Options for Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease
Managing HADD involves a combination of non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Non-Pharmacological Treatments
- Rest and immobilization to relieve acute symptoms
- Physical therapy to restore mobility and strength
Pharmacological Treatments
- NSAIDs for pain and inflammation relief
- Corticosteroid injections for severe flare-ups
- Analgesics such as acetaminophen for ongoing discomfort
Invasive Treatments
- Needle aspiration of crystal deposits to ease pain
- Surgical removal when conservative treatments fail
Experimental Options
- Biologic therapies aimed at the crystal deposition mechanisms
- Shockwave therapy for calcification to disintegrate deposits non-invasively
Early and effective treatment for HADD can significantly reduce symptoms and restore joint health.
When Should You See a Doctor for Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
A medical consultation is necessary if you experience sudden joint pain, swelling, or restricted movement, especially if the symptoms persist or worsen. Unexplained joint stiffness, visible lumps, or frequent flare-ups also warrant professional evaluation. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and lead to more effective treatment outcomes.
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What is the Recovery Process After Treatment for Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
Recovery depends on the severity and type of treatment. Non-invasive approaches may show improvement in a few weeks with proper rest and physiotherapy. Surgical cases require longer rehabilitation, including physical therapy. Adhering to medical advice and making lifestyle changes, such as reducing repetitive joint stress, supports long-term recovery.
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease?
Although not all cases are preventable, some precautions can reduce the risk:
- Maintain joint health through regular low-impact exercise
- Avoid repetitive stress and overuse of joints
- Monitor and manage underlying metabolic or endocrine conditions
- Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake under medical guidance
Our Experience in Treating Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease
At Medicover Hospitals, our multidisciplinary team of specialists offers advanced diagnostics and personalised treatment plans for Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease. We focus on managing symptoms, restoring joint function, and preventing recurrence through a combination of medical therapy, physiotherapy, and, where necessary, minimally invasive procedures.
