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What is Group B Streptococcus?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Kunuku yamuna , Gynecologists
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines, rectum, or lower genital tract. It is typically harmless in healthy adults but can cause serious infections in newborns, pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Proper screening and timely treatment are essential to prevent complications.
What Causes Group B Streptococcus?
The primary cause of Group B Strep infections is the colonization of the bacteria in the body. While many carry the bacteria asymptomatically, certain conditions can precipitate an infection. These include:
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women can pass the bacteria to their babies during labour.
- Weakened Immune Systems: Individuals with compromised immunity are more susceptible to infections.
- Chronic Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes and liver disease can increase risk.
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Get Second OpinionWhat are the Group B Streptococcus Symptoms and Warning Signs?
Most adults carry GBS without symptoms. However, infections can be severe, especially in newborns and high-risk adults.
Common Symptoms in Newborns:
Severe Symptoms (Newborns):
- Symptoms within 6 hours of birth (early-onset)
- Symptoms after a few weeks (late-onset)
Group B Strep Symptoms in Adults
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Frequent, painful urination, Blood in urine, Pelvic discomfort
- Bloodstream Infection (Bacteremia): Fever and chills, Confusion or disorientation
- Pneumonia: Cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath
- Skin or Soft Tissue Infection: Swelling, redness, pain, or pus
- Bone/Joint Infection: Swelling, pain, limited movement
- Severe Cases: Meningitis, Endocarditis (heart valve infection)
How Group B Streptococcus is Diagnosed?
GBS diagnosis relies on lab cultures and symptom assessment, particularly in pregnant women and at-risk adults.
Common Diagnostic Tests:
- Vaginal and rectal swabs (35 to 37 weeks of pregnancy)
- Urine tests for UTIs
- Blood cultures for suspected sepsis
- Swabs from infected skin or tissue
At Medicover, we provide routine prenatal screening, advanced diagnostics, and 24/7 laboratory support to identify GBS early and guide treatment effectively.
What Are the Treatment Options for Group B Streptococcus?
Treatment for Group B Strep in adults often involves antibiotics, such as penicillin or ampicillin. In pregnant women, the focus is on preventing transmission to the newborn. Prophylactic antibiotics are administered during labour if the mother tests positive for GBS.
- IV Antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin, Ampicillin): Given during labor to GBS-positive pregnant women
- Alternate Antibiotics (e.g., Clindamycin, Vancomycin): For penicillin-allergic patients
- Antibiotics for Infected Adults/Newborns: Based on site and severity of infection
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Pregnancy
Antibiotic prophylaxis is a standard preventive measure for pregnant women who test positive for GBS or have risk factors such as:
- Previous birth of a baby with GBS infection
- Fever during labour
- Preterm labour
When to See a Doctor Group B Strep?
Seek medical care immediately if:
- You have GBS symptoms (UTI, fever, skin infections)
- You're pregnant and haven't been screened between 35 to 37 weeks
- You've experienced preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes
- Your baby shows any signs of GBS illness (fever, lethargy, breathing difficulty)
High-Risk Groups:
- Pregnant women
- Infants under 3 months
- Adults with chronic illnesses
- Individuals over 65
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Management and Prevention of Group B Streptococcus
The management of Group B Strep focuses on preventing the onset of infections, particularly in newborns and vulnerable adults.
Preventive Measures in Pregnancy
- Routine Screening: Pregnant women should undergo GBS screening during the third trimester (weeks 35 to 37 of pregnancy).
- Intrapartum Antibiotics: Administering antibiotics during labour to women who test positive.
- Educating Expectant Mothers: Informing about the risks and preventive strategies for GBS.
General Prevention Strategies
- Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing and personal hygiene can reduce the spread of bacteria.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise can strengthen the immune system.
Group B Strep and Pregnancy: Special Considerations
There are some unique considerations when it comes to GBS and pregnancy. The possibility that a mother can transmit GBS to her infant at the time of birth requires active surveillance and preventative measures to decrease the risk of GBS disease in the neonate.
Risk Factors for GBS in Pregnancy
- GBS Colonization: Being a carrier of GBS significantly increases the risk of transmission to the baby.
- Premature Rupture of Membranes: Increases the risk of GBS infection in the newborn.
- Multiple Births: Twins or more can increase the risk of transmission.
Exercises and Lifestyle for Expectant Mothers
Exercise can increase immunity and improve your whole health, which means a decreased chance of infection. However, pregnant women should consult healthcare providers before starting any exercise regimen.
Our Experience Treating Group B Streptococcus
At Medicover, we care deeply about the safety of mothers, newborns, and at-risk individuals. Our specialists offer early identification, prompt diagnosis, and customized care to minimize the risk of complications. From our advanced facilites to our 24/7 support team and our dedicated doctors, we have everything you need to keep your family safe from GBS.
