Garlic Allergy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Mithil B Ghushe , General Medicine

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Garlic allergy is when your body reacts badly to garlic, either when you eat it or sometimes even touch it. Garlic is a small, white bulb used to flavor food. It's a popular ingredient in many dishes around the world and is even known for its health benefits. Some people use it to help with colds, blood pressure, or digestion. But while it's helpful for many, it can trigger allergies in a few.

This reaction can manifest in various ways, from skin irritations to gastrointestinal distress and respiratory issues. Understanding the symptoms, identifying the root causes, and seeking timely diagnosis are key to managing this allergy effectively. With the right treatment and precautions, individuals can avoid allergic triggers and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

What are the Garlic Allergy Symptoms and Warning Signs?

Garlic allergy symptoms may develop quickly or take hours to appear, making early recognition crucial for effective management.

Immediate Symptoms

• Hives or skin rash: Red, itchy welts on the skin
• Swelling: Especially around the face, lips, tongue, and throat
• Respiratory issues: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, nasal congestion, or runny nose
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain

Delayed Symptoms

• Headaches: Persistent headaches or migraines
• Fatigue: Unexplained tiredness and lethargy
• Joint pain: Aching joints and muscles Severe Reactions (Anaphylaxis):
• Difficulty breathing: Severe shortness of breath or wheezing
• Rapid pulse: Increased heart rate
• Drop in blood pressure: Leads to dizziness or fainting
• Loss of consciousness: In extreme cases

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What are the Different Types of Garlic Reactions?

While all allergic reactions may seem similar, it's important to distinguish between a garlic allergy and garlic intolerance.

Garlic Allergy

• Immune response involving antibodies (IgE)
• Symptoms can be severe, including hives, swelling, and anaphylaxis
• Onset is rapid, often within minutes to hours

Garlic Intolerance

• Does not involve the immune system
• Symptoms are primarily digestive: bloating, gas, stomach cramps
• Onset is slower, often hours after ingestion

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What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Garlic Allergy?

The exact cause of garlic allergy is not fully understood, but specific garlic proteins are believed to act as allergens, triggering the immune system to release antibodies. Genetics may also play a role, as allergies often run in families.

Causes

• Proteins in garlic are identified as allergens by the immune system.
• Genetic predisposition

Risk Factors

• Family history of allergies
• Personal history of other food allergies or asthma

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How is Garlic Allergy Diagnosed?

Proper diagnosis is crucial for confirming a garlic allergy and guiding treatment and lifestyle changes.

Medical History and Physical Examination

• Review of symptoms, onset, and dietary triggers
• Physical assessment for signs of allergy

Allergy Testing

• Skin Prick Test: A small amount of garlic extract is introduced into the skin to observe for a reaction
• Blood Test: Measures levels of specific IgE antibodies to garlic Elimination Diet and Food Challenge:
• Garlic is removed from the diet for a period and then reintroduced under medical supervision to detect reactions

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What Are the Treatment Options for Garlic Allergy?

There is no cure for garlic allergy, but several treatments can manage symptoms and prevent serious reactions.

Medications

• Antihistamines: Relieve mild symptoms like hives and itching
• Corticosteroids: May be used for moderate to severe inflammation
• Epinephrine Auto-Injector: Essential for individuals at risk of anaphylaxis

Managing Garlic Allergy in Children

• Educate family, caregivers, and school staff about the child's allergy
• Provide safe snacks and meals
• Ensure emergency plans and epinephrine availability are in place

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When to See a Doctor?

Consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction after consuming garlic. Immediate medical care is necessary for severe reactions such as difficulty breathing, swelling, or signs of anaphylaxis. Individuals with confirmed allergy should be referred to an allergist for ongoing management.

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What Is the Recovery Process After a Garlic Allergy Reaction?

Recovery from an allergic reaction depends on its severity. Mild symptoms often resolve with antihistamines, while more serious reactions may require emergency treatment and follow-up.

Follow-up Includes

• Continued avoidance of garlic
• Routine visits with an allergist
• individual dietary planning

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Learn to recognize hidden sources of garlic in packaged foods
• Carry emergency medications
• Inform restaurants and food providers about the allergy

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What Precautions Can Help Prevent Garlic Allergy Reactions?

Avoidance

• The most effective way to prevent reactions is to completely avoid garlic and garlic-containing products
• Read ingredient labels carefully
• Be cautious when eating out or trying new foods

Cross-Reactivity

• Some individuals may react to other Allium family members, such as onions, leeks, shallots, and chives
• Use caution and consult a healthcare provider regarding tolerated foods

Garlic Allergy Food Substitutes

• Asafoetida: A pungent spice used in Indian cooking
• Ginger: Offers a spicy kick
• Cumin: Adds warmth and earthiness to dishes
• Chives: May be tolerated by some, but caution is advised

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Our Experience Treating Garlic Allergy

At Medicover, we understand the challenges of living with food allergies, such as garlic allergy. Our team of allergists, nutritionists, and pediatric specialists provides thorough diagnostics and individual treatment plans prepared to each patient's needs.

We also offer ongoing support to help individuals identify and manage their allergy triggers. Through expert care and education, we empower patients and families to live confidently and safely with food allergies.

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