Fibromatosis Colli: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

Fibromatosis Colli, also known as sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy, is a rare condition that affects the muscle in the neck called the sternocleidomastoid. This condition primarily impacts a baby's ability to move their head and neck comfortably. It can cause stiffness and restricted movement, leading to discomfort and potential challenges in daily activities. Fibromatosis Colli typically resolves on its own without long-term consequences, but early identification and management are important for the well-being of the infant.

What are the Symptoms of Fibromatosis Colli?

Fibromatosis Colli typically presents with specific symptoms related to the affected area.

Swelling or lump in the neck
Limited neck movement
Discomfort or pain in the neck
Tenderness in the affected area

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Causes of Fibromatosis Colli

Fibromatosis Colli, a benign neck mass in infants, is primarily caused by fibrous tissue growth in the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Unknown causes
Trauma during birth
Genetic factors

Types of Fibromatosis Colli

Fibromatosis Colli can present in various types or forms, each characterized by distinct clinical features and diagnostic criteria.

Infantile fibromatosis colli: A rare condition causing a firm mass in a baby's neck that typically resolves on its own.
Adult fibromatosis colli: Characterized by a slowgrowing benign tumor in the neck of adults.
Fibromatosis colli with torticollis: Involves a combination of neck mass and neck muscle tightness, leading to limited neck movement.
Congenital fibromatosis colli: Presents at birth as a thickened or swollen muscle in the neck, usually improving with time without treatment.
Fibromatosis colli associated with trauma: Occurs due to injury or trauma to the neck, leading to the development of fibrous tissue in the affected area.

Risk Factors

Fibromatosis Colli, a condition primarily affecting infants, is associated with risk factors such as difficult labor, birth trauma, and large birth weight babies.

Being a newborn baby
Being a male infant
Being born by cesarean section
Being large for gestational age
Having a family history of Fibromatosis Colli.

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Diagnosis of Fibromatosis Colli

Fibromatosis colli is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations and imaging tests.

Physical examination
Imaging tests, such as ultrasound
Biopsy

Treatment for Fibromatosis Colli

Fibromatosis Colli is typically managed through conservative treatments aimed at relieving symptoms and improving neck mobility.

Physical Therapy: Involves targeted exercises to improve neck muscle strength and flexibility, helping to reduce pain and improve range of motion in Fibromatosis Colli patients.
Heat Therapy: Applying heat packs or warm compresses to the affected area can help relax muscles, alleviate pain, and improve blood circulation in Fibromatosis Colli.
Medication: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to manage pain and discomfort associated with Fibromatosis Colli.
Steroid Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections directly into the affected muscle may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of Fibromatosis Colli.
Surgery: Rarely needed, surgical intervention may be considered for Fibromatosis Colli if conservative treatments fail to provide relief, aiming to remove the fibrous tissue causing symptoms.