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What Is a Desmoid Tumor? Benign but Aggressive Growth
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr M Ramesh Babu , Oncologist
Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) are rare, benign soft tissue tumors that arise from connective tissue. Despite their benign nature, they can be locally aggressive and infiltrative, causing significant morbidity.
The abdominal wall, belly (mesentery), or arms and legs are the most common sites for desmoid tumors. An early diagnosis and correct treatment can contribute to the slowing growth of the tumor and to a better quality of life.
What are the Desmoid Tumor Symptoms and Warning Signs?
Symptoms depend on where the tumor grows.
Some people may not experience any symptoms, while others may notice pain or swelling.
Common Symptoms:
- A lump or swelling
- Pain or tenderness in one area
- Trouble moving a joint or muscle if the tumor is nearby
Severe Symptoms (due to compression):
- Bowel blockage (if the tumor is in the abdomen)
- Nerve pain, numbness, or weakness (if pressing on nerves)
- Reduced blood flow (if pressing on blood vessels and rare but serious)
See a doctor if you have pain, swelling, or movement issues that don't go away.
What are the Different Types of Desmoid Tumors?
Doctors group desmoid tumors based on where they grow:
Abdominal Wall Desmoids
- Often found in women after pregnancy or surgery.
Intra-abdominal (Mesenteric) Desmoids
- Grow inside the belly
- Common in people with a genetic condition called FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis)
Extra-abdominal Desmoids
- Found in the arms, legs, shoulders, or chest wall
Desmoid tumors do not spread, But they can grow large and press on nearby organs or structures.
That's why early treatment is important, even though the tumor is not cancerous.
What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Desmoid Tumors?
Desmoid Tumors Causes:
- Genetic mutations (APC or CTNNB1 genes)
- Hormonal influences (higher incidence in women, especially during pregnancy)
- Trauma or prior surgery (activates fibroblast growth)
Desmoid Tumors Risk Factors:
- Family history of FAP
- Female gender (ages 20-40 most affected)
- Previous abdominal surgery or injury
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Get Second OpinionHow is Desmoid Tumor Diagnosed?
We use advanced diagnostic methods to confirm desmoid tumors
Imaging Studies
Imaging studies play a crucial role in the diagnosis of desmoid tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality due to its superior soft tissue contrast. Computed tomography (CT) scans can also be useful, particularly for evaluating intra-abdominal lesions.
Biopsy
A definitive diagnosis of desmoid tumors requires a biopsy. Core needle biopsy is usually sufficient for histopathological examination, but an open biopsy may be necessary in some cases to obtain an adequate tissue sample.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing for APC and CTNNB1 mutations can provide valuable information, especially in patients with a family history of FAP or in sporadic cases where the diagnosis is uncertain.
What are the Treatment Options for Desmoid Tumor?
Treatment depends on tumor size, location, and symptoms:
- Watchful waiting: Monitoring stable, asymptomatic tumors.
- Surgery: Complete removal when feasible, though recurrence is possible.
- Radiation therapy: Used for inoperable tumors or post-surgery recurrence.
- Medications: NSAIDs, hormonal therapy (tamoxifen), or chemotherapy for aggressive cases.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical attention if you notice:
- A growing, painful lump
- Unexplained abdominal discomfort
- Restricted mobility due to swelling
- Symptoms lasting more than a few weeks
Early evaluation helps prevent complications.
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What is the Recovery Process After Desmoid Tumor Treatment?
Recovery varies based on treatment:
- Post-surgery: Physical therapy may be needed to restore function.
- Medication management: Regular follow-ups to monitor response.
- Long-term monitoring: Imaging scans to detect recurrence.
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Desmoid Tumors?
Prevention:
- Genetic counseling for FAP patients
- Caution with elective surgeries if at risk
Complications if Untreated:
- Organ dysfunction (due to compression)
- Chronic pain or disability
Our Experience Treating Desmoid Tumors
We understand how hard a case of desmoid tumour can be, here at Medicover Hospitals. Our care team consists of specialists who provide expert care and develop individualised treatment plans to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
We strive to be supportive throughout every step of the process, from accurate diagnosis to advanced treatment.
