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What is Cervical Spondylosis?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr P Muralidhara rao , Neurosurgeon
Cervical spondylosis is a condition that involves age-related wear and tear of the spinal discs and joints in the neck (cervical spine). It affects the bones, discs, and ligaments of the cervical vertebrae, often leading to neck pain, stiffness, or reduced mobility.
How common is cervical spondylosis?
Cervical spondylosis is quite common and typically develops with age. Most people begin to show signs of wear in their neck joints by their 30s. By the time they reach 60, nearly 90% have some degree of this condition, even if they don't notice symptoms.
What are the Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis?
Cervical spondylosis doesn't always cause symptoms right away, but when it does, the signs can range from mild neck discomfort to serious nerve-related issues. Knowing what to look for can help you get timely care.
Common Symptoms
What are the Different Types of Cervical Spondylosis?
Cervical spondylosis primarily refers to age related changes in the neck, but it can manifest in various ways depending on which part of the spine is affected. Understanding these types can help in choosing the right treatment.
Types of Cervical Spondylosis
- Axial Cervical Spondylosis: Causes neck pain and stiffness without affecting the nerves or spinal cord. It's the most common and mild form.
- Cervical Radiculopathy: Happens when a nerve in the neck is pinched. This can lead to pain, numbness, or tingling in the shoulders, arms, or hands.
- Cervical Myelopathy: A more serious condition where the spinal cord is compressed. It may cause problems with walking, balance, or bladder control.
What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis?
Cervical spondylosis mostly happens as part of getting older. Over time, the bones and discs in the neck start to wear down. While aging is the main cause, some other factors can raise your risk.
Common Causes
- Natural wear and tear of the neck joints and discs
- Drying or thinning of spinal discs
- Small bone growths (bone spurs) in the neck
- Old neck injuries
- Repeated stress or strain on the neck
Risk Factors
- Age: More common after age 40
- Family history: Runs in some families
- Smoking: Speeds up disc damage
- Lack of movement: Weakens neck and back support
- Straining work: Jobs that involve lifting or neck bending
- Poor posture: Slouching over phones or computers
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Get Second OpinionHow is Cervical Spondylosis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing cervical spondylosis usually begins with a review of your symptoms and a physical exam. If needed, imaging or nerve tests are done to confirm the condition and check how much it has affected the neck or nerves.
Common Tests Used
- Physical exam: Checks your neck movement, muscle strength, and reflexes.
- X-ray: Helps spot bone changes like bone spurs or narrowed spaces between the vertebrae.
- MRI: Gives a detailed view of soft tissues, including discs and nerves.
- CT scan: Shows clearer images of bone structures if more detail is needed.
- EMG (Electromyography): Checks how well your nerves and muscles are working.
- Blood tests: May be done to rule out other causes like infections or arthritis.
What are the Treatment Options for Cervical Spondylosis?
Treatment for cervical spondylosis focuses on relieving pain, improving neck movement, and preventing further damage. Most people respond well to non-surgical care, especially in the early stages.
Non-Surgical Options
Medications
- Pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen help reduce discomfort.
- Muscle relaxants ease tightness in the neck.
- Nerve pain medications may be used if nerves are affected.
- Steroids are sometimes given to manage severe inflammation.
Physical Therapy
- Strengthens neck and shoulder muscles
- Improves flexibility and posture
- May include exercises, stretching, and posture training
Lifestyle Changes
- Use proper posture when sitting or working
- Avoid straining your neck during daily tasks
- Gentle stretches and regular movement can help reduce stiffness
Other Supportive Therapies
- Hot or cold packs to ease pain
- Cervical traction to relieve pressure on the spine
- TENS (nerve stimulation) for pain relief in some cases
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery is only considered if symptoms are severe or if there's pressure on the spinal cord or nerves that doesn't improve with other treatments.
Common procedures include.
- Removing part of a damaged disc or bone
- Spinal fusion to stabilize the neck
- Recovery may take a few weeks to a few months, depending on the type of surgery.
When to See a Doctor?
Mild neck pain is often nothing to worry about. But if the discomfort doesn't go away or starts affecting your daily routine, it's a good idea to get it checked.
See a doctor if you notice
- Neck pain or stiffness that lasts more than 2 to 3 weeks
- Pain that worsens with movement or rest doesn't help
- Tingling, numbness, or weakness in your arms or hands
- Trouble with balance or walking
- Loss of bladder or bowel control (this needs urgent care)
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How to Prevent Cervical Spondylosis and Avoid Complications?
You can't stop ageing, but you can take care of your neck to reduce the risk of cervical spondylosis. Good habits and early care go a long way in keeping your spine healthy.
Tips to Prevent Cervical Spondylosis
- Keep good posture: Sit and stand straight, especially when using a phone or computer.
- Stay active: Do light stretches and exercises that support your neck and shoulders.
- Avoid heavy lifting: Don't carry things that strain your neck or upper back.
- Use the right pillow: Sleep with a pillow that supports your neck properly.
- Take breaks from screens: Avoid looking down for long periods.
- Go for regular check-ups: Early detection can help manage problems before they get worse.
What Can Happen If It's Not Treated?
Ignoring the signs can lead to
- Numbness or tingling in your arms or hands
- Weakness in the arms or legs
- Trouble with balance or walking
- Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases
- Constant neck pain and stiffness that affects daily life
Our Experience in Treating Cervical Spondylosis
At our Medicover hospital, we understand how cervical spondylosis can affect your daily life, from constant neck pain to trouble with movement. That's why we take a careful, specific approach to each case. With years of experience in treating spine-related conditions, our team focuses not just on relieving pain but also on helping you move better and live more comfortably.
