Brain Tumours Children: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

Brain tumors in children are abnormal growths of cells in the brain that can impact the child's overall health and well-being. These tumors can cause various health issues by pressing on surrounding brain tissue and affecting normal brain functions. The primary impact of brain tumors in children is the disruption of the brain's natural processes, leading to symptoms that can affect cognitive, physical, and emotional well-being. The presence of a brain tumor can also cause additional stress and challenges for the child and their family as they navigate through the diagnosis and treatment journey.

What are the Symptoms of Brain Tumours Children

Children with brain tumors may experience a range of symptoms that can affect their physical and cognitive functions.

Symptoms of brain tumors in children may include:

Headaches
Vomiting
Seizures
Balance problems
Vision changes
Weakness or numbness
Changes in behavior
Difficulty walking
Persistent fatigue
Problems with memory or thinking

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Causes of Brain Tumours Children

Brain tumors in children can be caused by genetic factors, exposure to radiation, or certain inherited conditions.

Genetic factors
Exposure to radiation
Certain genetic disorders
Family history of brain tumors
Immune system disorders
Environmental toxins
Viral infections
Head injuries
Certain medications
Unknown factors

Types of Brain Tumours Children

Brain tumors in children can be broadly categorized into two main forms based on their location and behavior within the brain.

Medulloblastoma: A fastgrowing tumor that usually starts in the lower back part of the brain and can spread to other parts of the central nervous system.
Ependymoma: A tumor that arises from the cells lining the fluidfilled spaces in the brain, often found in young children.
Glioma: A type of brain tumor that originates from glial cells, which are supportive cells in the brain. It can be lowgrade or highgrade.
Craniopharyngioma: A rare tumor that develops near the pituitary gland and can affect hormone production and vision.
Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A slowgrowing tumor that typically occurs in the cerebellum or optic nerve pathways and is more common in children than in adults.

Risk Factors

Children with a family history of brain tumors, exposure to ionizing radiation, or certain genetic syndromes may have an increased risk of developing brain tumors.

Family history of brain tumors
Genetic disorders such as neurofibromatosis
Exposure to radiation
Certain inherited conditions like LiFraumeni syndrome
Immunosuppressive therapy
Certain viral infections

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Diagnosis of Brain Tumours Children

Diagnosing brain tumors in children typically involves a series of tests and evaluations to determine the presence and characteristics of the tumor.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computed Tomography (CT) scan
Biopsy
Lumbar puncture
Blood tests
Neurological examination

Treatment for Brain Tumours Children

Treatment for brain tumors in children usually involves a combination of different approaches tailored to the specific type and location of the tumor.

Surgery: Surgery involves removing the brain tumor to the extent possible without causing damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses highenergy beams to target and destroy cancer cells in the brain, either as the main treatment or following surgery.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, which can be administered orally or intravenously to treat brain tumors in children.
Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy focuses on specific abnormalities within cancer cells to block their growth and spread, offering a more precise treatment approach.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps the body's immune system fight cancer cells by boosting its natural defenses, offering a promising treatment option for some types of brain tumors in children.