What is Bradyarrhythmia?

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Kanchan M Bhambare , Cardiologist

Bradyarrhythmia is a type of heart rhythm disorder where the heart beats slower than normal. This condition affects the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently to the body. In most adults, a normal resting heart rate ranges between 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Bradyarrhythmia typically occurs when the rate falls below 60 beats per minute and can lead to fatigue, dizziness, or even fainting. While it may be harmless in some individuals, especially athletes, it can be serious when it disrupts blood flow to vital organs.

What are the Types of Bradyarrhythmia?

Bradyarrhythmia refers to various slow heart rhythm conditions that affect how electrical signals move through the heart. The severity and treatment depend on the type.

Types of Bradyarrhythmia

Bradyarrhythmia includes several conditions that slow your heartbeat due to electrical signal problems in the heart. The type of rhythm issue helps determine the right treatment. Knowing the different types can help you better understand your symptoms and options.

Sinus Bradycardia

A slow heartbeat originates from the sinus node. It may be normal in athletes, but can indicate an underlying issue in others.

Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)

A group of disorders where the sinus node functions abnormally, causing slow, irregular, or even paused heartbeats.

Atrioventricular (AV) Block

Electrical signals between the upper (atria) and lower (ventricles) chambers are delayed or blocked.

First-degree AV block: Signals are slowed but still reach the ventricles.
Second-degree AV block: Some signals fail to reach the ventricles.
Third-degree AV block: No signals pass through; the atria and ventricles beat independently.

Junctional Bradycardia

The heart's AV node takes over as the pacemaker when the sinus node fails, usually producing a slower rate.

These types may be mild and manageable or require treatment like a pacemaker, depending on symptoms and the underlying cause.

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What are the Symptoms of Bradyarrhythmia?

Not everyone with bradyarrhythmia has symptoms, but when they do appear, they can affect your energy and ability to stay active. Mild signs like fatigue or cold hands may come first, while severe cases can cause fainting or confusion.

Common Symptoms

Fatigue
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Cold hands and feet

Severe Symptoms

Fainting (syncope)
Chest pain
Confusion or memory problems
Low blood pressure

It's important to talk to a doctor if you feel unusually tired, dizzy, or have any fainting episodes.

What are the Causes and Risk Factors of Bradyarrhythmia?

Several things can cause a slow heart rhythm from aging and heart disease to certain medications or thyroid problems. Understanding the root cause is key to choosing the best treatment and staying safe.

Causes

Age-related changes in the heart's electrical system
Damage from heart disease or a heart attack
Certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers, digoxin)
Thyroid disorders (especially hypothyroidism)
Sleep apnea

Risk Factors

Advanced age
History of heart disease or surgery
Electrolyte imbalances
Inflammatory or autoimmune diseases
Congenital heart defects

How is Bradyarrhythmia Diagnosed?

Doctors use heart monitoring tests to track your heart's rhythm and find out what's causing it to slow down. These tests help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other heart conditions.

Diagnostic Tests Include

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Measures heart's electrical activity
Holter monitor: Worn for 24 to 48 hours to detect rhythm irregularities
Event monitor: Used for symptoms that happen less often
Echocardiogram: Checks the heart's structure and function
Blood tests: To detect thyroid issues or electrolyte imbalances

What are the Treatment Options for Bradyarrhythmia?

Treatment depends on how slow your heart beats and how it affects your health. Some people need only lifestyle changes, while others may need a pacemaker. The goal is to restore a safe heart rhythm and prevent complications.

Common Treatments Include

Adjusting or stopping medications that slow the heart
Treating underlying conditions (e.g., thyroid disease)
Implantation of a pacemaker to maintain a normal heart rhythm
Lifestyle changes to improve overall heart health

A cardiologist will determine the most suitable approach after reviewing your tests and health history.

When to See a Doctor?

If you feel unusually tired, dizzy, or faint, it may be more than just stress. A slow heart rate can signal a deeper problem. Seeing a doctor early can help avoid serious issues like heart failure or blackouts.

Consult a doctor if you experience:

Frequent fatigue without a clear reason
Irregular or slow heartbeats
Difficulty breathing during routine activities
Fainting or blackouts

Early medical advice helps prevent more serious complications and ensures timely treatment.

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What is the Recovery Process After Bradyarrhythmia Treatment?

Most people recover well with the right treatment and follow-up care. If you get a pacemaker, you can usually return to normal life within a few weeks. Good habits and regular checkups keep your heart strong and steady.

Recovery Tips

Follow your cardiologist's advice
Take medications as prescribed
Monitor heart rate and symptoms regularly
Attend all follow-up visits
Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle (low salt diet, exercise, no smoking)
With proper care, many people live normal, active lives after bradyarrhythmia treatment.

What Precautions Can Help Prevent Bradyarrhythmia?

Preventing bradyarrhythmia isn't always possible, especially if it's caused by aging or inherited conditions. However, some lifestyle habits and regular checkups can help.

Prevention Tips

Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels
Avoid medications that can slow the heart unless prescribed
Control chronic conditions like diabetes or thyroid problems
Get regular heart screenings if you have a family history

Possible Complications if Left Untreated

Heart failure
Sudden cardiac arrest
Permanent damage to heart tissue

Our Experience in Treating Bradyarrhythmia

We understand the impact a slow heart rhythm can have on your energy, confidence, and daily routine. Our Medicover Hospitals team of cardiologists is experienced in diagnosing and treating all types of bradyarrhythmias using the latest monitoring tools and therapies.

From non-invasive tests to pacemaker implantation, we offer complete care to meet your heart's needs. Our goal is to help every patient maintain a steady rhythm and enjoy a healthy, active life.

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