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3.5 Minute

15-07-2024 Team Medicover fertility

Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Banam Sravanthi, Gynecologist

Common Pregnancy Complications: Signs, Risks, and Prevention

Pregnancy is a time of great expectations and big worries, particularly for the expectant mother. She has been carrying precious cargo in her belly for nine months, and the slightest change or smallest accident can cause a scare.

Gynaecologists, obstetricians, and fertility specialists have all received anxious calls from upcoming mothers regarding their worries and concerns. Their concerns—whatever they are—are all legitimate, and sharing them with a doctor is important for a safe and successful pregnancy.

What Are the Complications During Pregnancy?

Pregnancy complications are health problems that happen during pregnancy and can affect the mother, the baby, or both. They can range from mild issues, like morning sickness, to more serious conditions, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or preterm labor.

Some complications develop because of existing health problems, while others appear unexpectedly. Regular prenatal care helps detect and manage these issues early, ensuring a safer pregnancy and delivery.

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Warning Signs of Pregnancy Complications

Learn about the essential pregnancy complications every woman should be aware of to ensure a healthy journey to motherhood.

Bleeding

Spotting or light bleeding during the first trimester is common.
But if the bleeding is persistent or heavy, a doctor must be consulted right away, particularly if abdominal cramps accompany it.
Bleeding of any kind that occurs in the second or third trimester, however, may signal a problem, according to the American Pregnancy Association.
The association advises pregnant women to wear a pad or panty liner so they can monitor the amount and type of bleeding they are experiencing.

Contractions

“It’s normal to have contractions during the second and third trimester.
It’s your uterus’ way of working out and getting in shape for the marathon (labor and birth),” says Jeanne Faulkner, RN, an American labor nurse.
Irregular, low-intensity contractions are common around the 24th week of pregnancy, and many women experience them.
If the contractions are intense and regular, this could mean the early commencement of labor or be an indication of a problem, and a doctor should be contacted.

Cramps

Abdominal aches and pains during pregnancy are common and can be caused by something as simple as constipation or ligament pain.
The uterus can displace the bowel as it grows, “which can lead to nausea, a sense of feeling full easily, or distention in your abdomen,” according to Dr. Patrick Duff, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Florida, Gainesville.
Round ligament pain can also occur, typically in the second trimester, and constipation and gas – common during pregnancy – cause abdominal pain as well.
However, to be on the safe side, abdominal pain should be reported to a doctor, as it can sometimes point to a more serious problem such as an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Leaking of Urine

Because the uterus is close to the bladder, the growing uterus puts pressure on the bladder, which can cause leakage.
This is very common, while embarrassing.

Swelling

The hormones present during pregnancy cause the body to retain fluid.
This causes swelling of several body parts.
It’s no cause for worry unless the swelling is painful, focused in one spot or accompanied by vertigo or headaches. In such a case, a doctor must be consulted.

Hypertension

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) can lead to various complications, such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, and an increased risk of preterm birth.

Other Common Warning Signs of Pregnancy Complications

Severe headaches or vision changes: Can be signs of preeclampsia.
Severe nausea and vomiting: May lead to dehydration (hyperemesis gravidarum).
Fever or chills: This could indicate an infection.
Reduced fetal movement: May be a sign of fetal distress and requires immediate attention.
Sudden weight gain: Can also signal preeclampsia or fluid retention.

Nutrition Related Pregnancy Concerns

Nutrition is very important during pregnancy. It plays a quite important role in the baby's growth and the mother's health. Here is how nutrients help during pregnancy.

Weight Management: Balancing weight gain for both mother and baby.
Micronutrient Intake: Ensuring sufficient vitamins and minerals.
Hydration: Maintaining adequate fluid intake.
Gestational Diabetes: Monitoring blood sugar levels.
Food Safety: Avoiding harmful foods like unpasteurized dairy.

Who is at Risk for Pregnancy Complications?

Some women have a higher chance of developing pregnancy complications, including those who:

Are over 35 years old or under 17 years old
Have pre-existing health conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, heart, kidney, or thyroid problems)
Had previous pregnancy complications (miscarriage, preterm birth, or C-section)
Are carrying multiples (twins, triplets)
Have obesity or are underweight
Smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs during pregnancy
Have infections or are not up to date on vaccinations
Receive inadequate prenatal care

When to Seek Immediate Medical Help During Pregnancy

Contact your doctor or go to the nearest hospital right away if you experience:

Heavy vaginal bleeding or passing clots
Severe abdominal pain or persistent cramps
Severe headaches, vision changes, or dizziness
Sudden swelling of the face, hands, or feet
High fever or chills
Decreased or no baby movements after the 28th week
Seizures, fainting, or shortness of breath
Signs of preterm labor – regular, painful contractions before 37 weeks

How to Prevent Pregnancy Complications?

While not all complications can be avoided, many risks can be reduced with healthy habits and regular care:

Attend regular prenatal check-ups to monitor your and your baby’s health.
Eat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet that includes vitamins, minerals, and enough fluids.
Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy.
Manage existing health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid issues with your doctor’s guidance.
Avoid smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs, as these increase risks for both mother and baby.
Stay physically active with pregnancy-safe exercises recommended by your doctor.
Get recommended vaccinations to protect against infections.
Know warning signs (severe bleeding, pain, swelling, fever, or reduced baby movements) and seek medical help quickly if they occur.

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Conclusion

Pregnancy-related concerns encompass various complications. Whatever an expectant mother’s worries, she should promptly discuss them with her doctor to ensure all is well. This helps alleviate stress, which can be harmful to both mother and baby.

Frequently Asked Questions

Managing morning sickness involves eating small, frequent meals, avoiding triggers like solid odors or greasy foods, staying hydrated, and trying ginger or other remedies recommended by your healthcare provider.

Yes, hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause mood swings. Talking to loved ones and practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing or prenatal yoga can help manage them.

To alleviate back pain, practice good posture, use proper body mechanics (like bending at the knees instead of the waist), wear supportive shoes, and consider exercises or prenatal massage approved by your healthcare provider.

The first trimester has a higher risk of miscarriage, and the last trimester carries risks like preterm labor and complications during delivery.

Steer clear of raw or undercooked meats, raw seafood, unpasteurized dairy products, and foods high in mercury (such certain fish). Restrict caffeine use, abstain from alcohol, and give up smoking.

Regular prenatal visits are not just important; they are crucial. Typically, visits are scheduled monthly until the 28th week, biweekly until the 36th week, and weekly thereafter until delivery unless there are specific concerns.

Prepare by attending childbirth classes, discussing birth preferences with your healthcare provider, creating a birth plan, packing a hospital bag, and learning relaxation techniques or breathing exercises for labor.

No, taking birth control pills before pregnancy doesn’t cause complications. However, they should be stopped if pregnancy is suspected.

Yes, moderate exercise like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga is generally safe and beneficial. Consult your Doctor for guidance on exercises suitable for your pregnancy.

Managing stress involves getting enough rest, practicing relaxation techniques, talking to a counselor or support group, and engaging in activities you enjoy. Make self-care a priority and enlist the help of close ones.

Yes, fibroids can sometimes cause pain, bleeding, growth restrictions, or delivery complications. Regular monitoring helps manage risks.