Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Manjusha Padamata, Gynecologist

Bladder Infections During Pregnancy

Bladder infections or urinary tract infections (UTIs) are quite common among pregnant women. These infections can cause discomfort and pain and if they are not treatedin time, they can lead to more serious health problems for both the mother and the baby.

It's important to understand what causes bladder infections and how to prevent and handle them during pregnancy to help ensure a healthy experience.

What are Bladder Infections?

Bladder infections happen when germs get into the urinary tract and start to multiply in the bladder. This can result in symptoms like needing to frequent urinate, experiencing a burning sensation while urinating and noticing cloudy or unusually strong-smelling urine. If not taken care of, these infections can become more serious and develop into kidney infections, which can be more dangerous.

Why are Bladder Infections More Common During Pregnancy?

Pregnancy causes various changes in a woman's body that can lead to a higher chance of getting bladder infections. Here are a couple of key reasons why this happens:

Hormonal Changes

When a woman is pregnant, her body produces different hormones that can relax the muscles in the urinary system. This relaxation can make it easier for bacteria to climb up to the bladder. One hormone, progesterone, increases during pregnancy and can slow down how quickly urine flows, giving bacteria more time to multiply.

Changes in the Urinary Tract

When a woman is pregnant, her growing uterus can press against the bladder and urinary tract. This pressure can make it harder to fully empty the bladder, which can cause some leftover urine. When urine sits in the bladder, it can create a favourable condition for bacteria to grow.

Increased Urine Production

Pregnancy also increases the blood flow to the kidneys, leading them to filter more blood and produce more urine. This can result in needing to go to the bathroom more often and sometimes it can make it harder to completely empty the bladder. This can contribute to the growth of bacteria.

Difference Between UTI and Bladder Infection

Sometimes, people use the terms UTI and bladder infection as if they mean the same thing, but they actually refer to different things.

Key point: All bladder infections are UTIs, but not every UTI is a bladder infection. If a bladder infection is left untreated, it can move up to the kidneys, which can cause more serious health issues.

Causes of Bladder Infections During Pregnancy

Bacterial Invasion

The most common reason for bladder infections is bacteria getting into the urinary system, particularly Escherichia coli. This bacteria usually lives in our intestines but can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and start to grow in the bladder.

Sexual Activity

Engaging in sexual activity can sometimes let bacteria into the urinary tract, which raises the chances of getting an infection. To help reduce this risk, it's a good idea to maintain proper hygiene and urinate before and after sex. This can help you clear out any bacteria that might have entered.

Poor Hygiene

Not cleaning yourself properly after using the toilet can allow bacteria from the back area to reach the urethra. It's especially important for pregnant women to wipe from front to back after using the toilet to lower this risk.

Catheter Use

In some cases, urinary catheter is used during pregnancy or labor. Catheters can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.

Symptoms of Bladder Infections During Pregnancy

Recognising the symptoms of a bladder infection early can help prevent future complications. Here are some common signs:

Safe Treatments for Bladder Infections During Pregnancy

Treatment is essential to avoid any serious complications. Here are some effective and safe treatment options for bladder infection in pregnancy:

Important: Never try to treat yourself with medications while pregnant. Always talk to your doctor or OB/GYN before taking any medicine or supplements.

Risks of Untreated Bladder Infections

If a bladder infection isn't treated, it can lead to some serious health problems like:

Regular prenatal checkups and urine tests can help you to prevent infections early and even if you don't have symptoms.

Preventing Bladder Infections During Pregnancy

If you're pregnant, it's important to take steps to avoid bladder infections. Here are some simple ways to help keep yourself healthy:

Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Try to drink about eight glasses of water each day, but it's a good idea to check with your doctor for advice that's right for you.

Practice Good Hygiene

Make sure to wipe from front to back after using the bathroom. This helps prevent bacteria from spreading. Also, wash your intimate area before and after having sex. Be careful with soaps; choose gentle ones instead of harsh products that can irritate your body.

Empty Your Bladder Regularly

Make sure to go to the bathroom as soon as you feel the need to urinate. Holding it in for too long can lead to discomfort, so try to empty your bladder completely each time you go.

Wear Loose, Cotton Underwear

Choosing loose-fitting, cotton underwear is important for your comfort and health. Tight clothes and non-breathable materials can keep moisture trapped, which can lead to infections. Cotton allows your skin to breathe, helping to keep the area dry.

Cranberry Juice

Drinking cranberry juice may help prevent bladder infections by stopping bacteria from sticking to your urinary tract. However, it's a good idea to check with your doctor before adding it to your diet, as it might not be right for everyone.

Conclusion

Bladder infections during pregnancy are common but treatable. Early diagnosis and safe treatment help avoid serious complications for both you and your baby. If you're pregnant and notice symptoms like burning urination or pelvic pain, consult your doctor as soon as possible. With good hygiene and regular prenatal care, you can reduce your risk and stay healthy throughout your pregnancy.

Frequently Asked Questions