Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Prerit Rao, ENT

Overview of Adenoid Hypertrophy

Adenoid hypertrophy refers to the abnormal growth of the adenoid glands, which are found at the back of the nasal passage. While it is more common in children, it can also affect adults. Enlarged adenoids may cause trouble breathing through the nose, frequent infections and disrupted sleep due to airway blockage.

In this article, we will explain the symptoms, diagnosis, causes and treatment options for adenoid hypertrophy.

What is Adenoid Hypertrophy?

Adenoid hypertrophy refers to the abnormal enlargement of the adenoids. The adenoids are a mass of lymphatic tissue situated at the back of the nasal passage. They play a role in the immune system by trapping pathogens that enter through the nose. However, when these tissues become enlarged. they can cause a range of health issues. Adenoid hypertrophy in child is more common due to frequent infections during early development.

Causes of Adenoid Hypertrophy

There are several factors that can contribute to adenoid hypertrophy. The most common causes include:

Infections

Frequent infections, especially in childhood, can cause the adenoids to become swollen. Viral infections like the common cold or bacterial infections such as strep throat can trigger this condition.

Allergies

Allergic reactions can also lead to the inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids. Allergies cause the immune system to overreact, leading to swelling in various parts of the body including the adenoids.

Genetic Factors

Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing adenoid hypertrophy. If there is a family history of this condition, children may be more likely to experience it.

Environmental Factors

Constant exposure to harmful substances in the air, like smoke from cigarettes and pollution. It may lead to swollen adenoids. This problem tends to worsen in areas with high pollution levels especially in cities.

Symptoms of Adenoid Hypertrophy

Adenoid hypertrophy can manifest through various symptoms, which can significantly impact daily life. Common adenoid hypertrophy symptoms include:

Breathing Problems

Enlarged adenoids can obstruct the nasal passages, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. This often leads to mouth breathing, which can be uncomfortable and lead to dry mouth.

Snoring and Sleep Apnea

Children with adenoid hypertrophy often snore loudly due to the obstruction in their airways. In severe cases, they may experience sleep apnea, a condition where breathing stops and starts repeatedly during sleep.

Recurrent Ear Infections

The adenoids are located near the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. When the adenoids become enlarged, they can obstruct the Eustachian tubes, leading to fluid buildup and frequent ear infections.

Nasal Congestion and Runny Nose

Chronic nasal congestion and a persistent runny nose are common adenoid hypertrophy symptoms. These symptoms can be mistaken for a common cold but tend to persist longer.

Difficulty Swallowing

In severe cases, enlarged adenoids can make swallowing difficult. This can lead to eating and drinking problems, affecting the child's overall nutrition and health.

Diagnosis of Adenoid Hypertrophy

Adenoid hypertrophy is typically diagnosed through a combination of evaluating symptoms. It conducting a physical examination and using diagnostic tools like imaging or endoscopy when necessary.

Medical History

The doctor will start by taking a detailed medical history, focusing on symptoms such as breathing difficulties, snoring and recurrent infections. This helps in understanding the severity and duration of the condition.

Physical Examination

A physical examination of the throat, nose and ears is conducted to check for signs of enlarged adenoids. The doctor may use a small mirror or a nasopharyngoscope to get a better view of the adenoids.

Imaging Studies

In some cases, imaging studies like adenoid hypertrophy X-ray or MRI scans may be recommended to assess the size and position of the adenoids. These tests provide a detailed view and help in planning treatment.

Sleep Study

If sleep apnea is suspected a sleep study may be conducted to monitor breathing patterns during sleep. This test helps in diagnosing the severity of sleep apnea and planning appropriate Adenoid hypertrophy treatment.

Treatment for Adenoid Hypertrophy

The treatment for adenoid hypertrophy depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced. Adenoid hypertrophy treatment options range from medication to surgery.

Medications

For mild cases medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. Common medications include:

Surgery (Adenoidectomy)

In severe cases where symptoms are persistent and significantly impact quality of life, surgical removal of the adenoids (adenoidectomy) may be recommended. This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia and involves removing the enlarged adenoids to restore normal breathing and alleviate other Adenoid hypertrophy symptoms.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes

For managing mild symptoms certain home remedies and lifestyle changes can be beneficial:

When to See a Doctor

It is essential to seek medical advice if you or your child experience persistent symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chronic snoring or recurrent ear infections. Early diagnosis and proper Adenoid hypertrophy treatment can prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Conclusion

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and health issues, particularly in children. Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options can help in managing this condition effectively. If you suspect that you or your child has adenoid hypertrophy, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

In clinical settings, this condition may be documented using Adenoid hypertrophy ICD-10 code J35.2 for diagnostic purposes. By staying informed and proactive. You can ensure better health and well-being for yourself and your loved ones.

Frequently Asked Questions