Liraglutide: Uses, Side Effects, Storage and Precautions

Liraglutide is a prescription medicine marketed under the brand name Victoza, used primarily to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity. While it is effective in controlling blood sugar and aiding weight loss, it is generally considered a second-line option after metformin for diabetes management. Its long-term health effects on conditions such as cardiovascular disease and life expectancy remain under study.

What is Liraglutide?

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, a class of drugs that help regulate blood sugar. It works by mimicking a natural hormone that enhances insulin release in response to meals. Liraglutide is not insulin and is not a substitute for insulin therapy.

What are the Benefits and Uses of Liraglutide?

Liraglutide is effective for managing blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and can aid in weight loss. It also helps reduce the risk of heart-related complications in people with diabetes.

Conditions Liraglutide Treats:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Obesity and weight management
• Reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with both type 2 diabetes and existing heart disease

Secondary Uses of Liraglutide:

• May help with appetite control
• Can support prevention of diabetes-related complications like kidney damage or nerve issues

How Does Liraglutide Work?

Liraglutide mimics incretin hormones, which are released by the intestines after eating. These hormones:

• Stimulate the pancreas to release insulin
• Reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver
• Slow stomach emptying, helping with appetite control and weight management

This action results in lower post-meal blood sugar levels and reduced appetite, helping manage diabetes and support weight loss.

Liraglutide Dosage

Your doctor will determine the appropriate dose based on your condition. Typically, liraglutide is injected once daily, with gradual adjustments for optimal results.

• Administration: Inject under the skin (thigh, abdomen, or upper arm) once daily, as directed by your doctor.
• Initial Dose: Usually starts low and increases gradually to reduce side effects.
• Use Instructions:
• Do not mix with insulin.
• Use at the same time daily.
• Inspect for discoloration or particles before injection.
• Clean injection site with rubbing alcohol.
• Never share your pen, even with a changed needle.

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?

• If a dose is missed, contact your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible.
• Do not double the next dose to make up for a missed one.

What Happens in Case of an Overdose?

Symptoms of Overdose:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Possible difficulty breathing
• Severe low blood sugar

Seek emergency medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

What are the Side Effects of Liraglutide?

Common side effects include mild stomach issues, like nausea. Serious side effects are rare but can involve heart or kidney concerns, so monitor for any unusual symptoms.

Common Side Effects:

• Headache
• Constipation
• Heartburn
• Runny nose, sneezing, or cough
• Tiredness
• Pain or burning during urination
• Rash or redness at injection site

Serious Side Effects (Rare):

• Ongoing stomach or back pain (may signal pancreatitis)
• Mood changes, depression, or suicidal thoughts
• Vomiting, diarrhea, or clay-colored stools
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Fainting, irregular heartbeat

Stop use and consult a doctor immediately if serious side effects occur.

Precautions and Warnings

Before using liraglutide, discuss any medical conditions, especially digestive or kidney problems. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use.

Who Should Avoid Liraglutide:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• People with a history of thyroid cancer or pancreatitis
• Children (unless approved by a pediatric specialist)

Use with Caution If You Have:

• Kidney disease
• Gastroparesis (slow stomach emptying)
• History of depression or suicidal thoughts

Other Precautions:

• Limit alcohol intake - it may increase the risk of low blood sugar
• Be cautious with activities like driving if experiencing dizziness or blurred vision
• Inform your doctor of any allergies or other medications you are taking

Are There Any Age Restrictions for Using Liraglutide?

Liraglutide is typically not recommended for use in children unless specifically prescribed. It is mainly used in adults aged 18 and over.

Alcohol or Food Interactions

• Alcohol can increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• There are no significant food interactions, but maintaining a consistent diet supports treatment effectiveness

Possible Interactions with Other Medications

Liraglutide may interact with other drugs, especially those that affect blood sugar or heart function. Inform your doctor about all current medications to avoid potential issues.

Common Interactions Include:

• Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol): May mask signs of low blood sugar
• Steroids, psychiatric meds, or certain antibiotics (e.g., quinolones): May affect blood sugar levels
• Supplements and herbal products: Always consult your doctor before combining

How Should Liraglutide Be Stored?

Store liraglutide in the refrigerator until first use. After opening, it can be kept at room temperature for up to 30 days, away from heat and direct sunlight.

Before First Use:

• Store in the refrigerator (2°C-8°C / 36°F-46°F)
• Do not freeze

After First Use:

• Can be stored at room temperature (below 30°C / 86°F) or refrigerated
• Avoid sunlight and heat

Storage Tips:

• Discard the pen 30 days after first use, even if medicine remains
• Keep out of reach of children and pets

What Happens If Liraglutide Is Not Stored Properly?

• Improper storage may cause the medicine to become ineffective or unsafe
• Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particles
• Do not use past expiration date

Liraglutide vs. Semaglutide

References