Who does Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome affect?

TSCS can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in infants and young children. It is often congenital (present at birth) but can also develop later due to injury or conditions like spina bifida, spinal cord tumors, or trauma.

Can you live a normal life with a tethered spinal cord?

With early detection and appropriate management, many people with TSCS can lead normal or near-normal lives. However, without treatment, it can lead to progressive neurological issues, including weakness, sensory loss, and pain. Surgery is often necessary to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage.

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome occurs when the spinal cord is abnormally attached to the surrounding tissues, restricting its movement within the spinal canal. This can lead to various complications due to the spinal cord being pulled downward, affecting nerve function. The syndrome is typically congenital, meaning it is present at birth.

In some cases, it may also develop later in life due to spinal cord injuries or surgeries. The tethering may result from issues during fetal development, such as incomplete separation of the spinal cord from surrounding tissues. Understanding the causes of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome is crucial in managing the condition and preventing further complications.

What are the Types of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome involves the abnormal attachment of the spinal cord without a visible mass. Lipomyelomeningocele is characterized by a fatty mass that tethers the spinal cord.

Tethered Cord Syndrome without Lipoma refers to the condition where the spinal cord is attached due to reasons other than a lipoma. Each type presents unique challenges and requires tailored tethered spinal cord syndrome treatment approaches for optimal management.

Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome is a milder form where symptoms may be subtle or nonspecific.
Lipomyelomeningocele involves a fatty mass attached to the spinal cord causing tethering.
Thickened Filum Terminale occurs when the filum terminale, a fibrous tissue, becomes thickened and tethers the spinal cord.
Tethered Cord with Spinal Lipoma is characterized by a fatty tumor attached to the spinal cord causing tethering.
Secondary Tethered Cord Syndrome can develop due to scarring from previous spinal surgeries or injuries.

What are the Symptoms of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome can cause various symptoms, including back pain, leg weakness, numbness or tingling in the lower body, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Patients may also experience difficulty walking, scoliosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), and foot deformities.

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In severe cases, it can lead to progressive weakness in the legs and even paralysis if left untreated. If you are experiencing any of these tethered spinal cord syndrome symptoms, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and management.

Progressive weakness in the legs, affecting mobility and coordination.
Back pain that worsens with activity or prolonged sitting.
Loss of bladder or bowel control, leading to incontinence.
Numbness or tingling in the lower extremities.
Development of foot deformities or changes in foot structure.

What are the Causes of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

The primary tethered spinal cord syndrome causes of this condition can include congenital abnormalities like spina bifida, where the spinal column doesn't close properly during fetal development, leading to the spinal cord being pulled down. Additionally, scar tissue from previous surgeries, spinal cord injuries, or conditions like tumors can also cause tethering.

In some cases, unknown factors may contribute to the development of this syndrome. Understanding these underlying causes is crucial for proper tethered spinal cord syndrome diagnosis and treatment of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.

Spina bifida, a congenital condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, can lead to Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Prior spinal surgeries or interventions may result in scar tissue formation, causing the spinal cord to become tethered.
Trauma, such as a severe injury to the spine, can lead to the development of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Certain tumors, especially those located near the spinal cord, can cause tethering of the spinal cord.
Conditions like lipomas or fatty deposits along the spinal cord can contribute to the tethering of the spinal cord.

What are the Risk Factors for Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome can be influenced by various risk factors. Congenital conditions such as spina bifida, lipomas, or thickened filum terminale can predispose individuals to this disorder. Prior spinal surgeries, spinal trauma, or infections may also increase the risk.

Certain anatomical abnormalities or genetic factors can play a role in the development of this syndrome. Additionally, conditions like scoliosis or tumors near the spinal cord can contribute to the tethering of the spinal cord. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early detection and management of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.

Congenital spinal cord abnormalities increase the risk of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
History of spinal cord trauma or injury can predispose individuals to Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Conditions like spina bifida or lipomas can be risk factors for Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Previous spinal surgeries may increase the likelihood of developing Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Abnormal spinal growth or development abnormalities can contribute to the risk of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.

How is Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome Diagnosed?

To diagnose Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome, healthcare providers typically start with a thorough physical examination to assess symptoms such as back pain, leg weakness, or changes in bowel or bladder function. Imaging tests like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial in visualizing the spinal cord and identifying any tethering or abnormal positioning.

Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies may also be performed to evaluate nerve function. Additionally, a detailed medical history and symptom review are essential in the diagnostic process. By combining these methods, healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

MRI imaging is the primary diagnostic tool for visualizing spinal cord abnormalities in Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Neurological exams assess motor function, reflexes, and sensation to detect signs of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Electromyography (EMG) may be used to evaluate nerve and muscle activity related to Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.
Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans can help identify spinal cord tethering in Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.

What are the Treatment Options for Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

Treatment options for Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome typically aim to address symptoms and prevent further complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to release the tethered spinal cord and alleviate symptoms such as back pain, weakness, or bladder dysfunction.

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Physical therapy can also play a crucial role in improving mobility and strengthening muscles. Medications may be prescribed to manage pain or other associated symptoms. It's essential for individuals with Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome to work closely with their healthcare team to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on their specific needs and symptoms.

How can Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome be Prevented?

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome (TSCS) is often congenital, and while it cannot be entirely prevented, there are ways to reduce the risk:

Prenatal Care: Regular check-ups and taking folic acid during pregnancy may reduce the risk of neural tube defects, which can contribute to TSCS.
Avoid Spinal Injury: For those at risk, avoiding trauma to the spine can help prevent further complications.
Genetic Counseling: If there's a family history of spinal conditions, genetic counseling can help assess risks.

Early detection and proper care can reduce complications associated with TSCS.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Over time, TSCS can cause muscle weakness, loss of sensation, and problems with bladder or bowel control. It may also lead to pain, scoliosis, and walking difficulties if left untreated.

The chances of recurrence are low with proper surgical treatment. However, rare cases of recurrence can occur, especially if the condition wasn’t fully addressed. Regular follow-ups can help catch any issues early.

After surgery, most people experience an improvement in symptoms, particularly in terms of pain and mobility. Recovery time varies depending on the individual, but it usually involves physical therapy and regular follow-ups to monitor spinal cord function. In some cases, surgery can help prevent further complications, but it may not reverse damage that has already occurred.

Yes, many individuals with a tethered spinal cord can live a normal or near-normal life, especially if the condition is diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Regular monitoring, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

After surgery, most patients experience relief from pain and improvement in mobility. Recovery typically includes a period of rest, physical therapy, and follow-up appointments to monitor spinal cord function. While surgery can prevent further neurological damage, it may not reverse any pre-existing nerve injury.