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Tarlov Cysts: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Shrikant Deshmukh , Neurologists
Tarlov Cysts is a condition that affects overall health and may cause various symptoms. Its severity can vary, making early diagnosis and treatment important. Managing it properly helps prevent complications and improve quality of life.
These are fluid-filled sacs that form near the nerve roots in the lower spine. While many go unnoticed, some can press on nerves and cause pain or nerve problems. Early detection helps reduce symptoms and avoid long-term complications.
What are the Tarlov Cysts Symptoms and Warning Signs?
Tarlov cysts often don't show symptoms unless they grow large or press on nearby nerves. When symptoms appear, they can affect daily activities and mobility. Recognizing early signs can help in getting timely treatment.
Common Symptoms of Tarlov Cysts
- Lower back pain or buttock pain
- Tingling or numbness in legs
- Feeling of pressure in the lower spine
- Discomfort while sitting or standing too long
Severe Symptoms
- Bladder or bowel problems
- Weakness in legs
- Sexual dysfunction
- Difficulty walking or standing
What Are the Different Types of Tarlov Cysts?
Not all Tarlov cysts behave the same. Some cause no harm, while others lead to serious discomfort. Understanding the types helps guide the right treatment approach.
There are several types of Tarlov cysts, depending on their size, location, and the symptoms they cause. The most common types are:
- Asymptomatic Cysts: These do not cause any symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other conditions. They typically do not require treatment unless they begin to cause symptoms.
- Symptomatic Cysts: Cause pain, nerve problems, or other symptoms. These often need medical or surgical treatment based on severity.
What Are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Tarlov Cysts?
The exact causes of Tarlov cysts are not well understood, but certain conditions may increase the risk. Some people are born with them, while others develop them later due to injury or illness.
Causes of Tarlov Cysts
- Present at birth (congenital)
- Injury to the spine or nerve roots
- Inflammation (e.g., meningitis or arachnoiditis)
- Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Tarlov Cysts Risk Factors
- Family history or genetic conditions
- Previous spinal trauma or surgery
- Female gender (more commonly affected)
- Conditions causing chronic inflammation
Get a second opinion from trusted experts and makeconfident, informed decisions.
Get Second OpinionHow Tarlov Cysts is Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose Tarlov cysts using imaging tests and nerve exams. Diagnosis is important to understand if the cyst is causing symptoms and how best to manage it.
Diagnostic Methods:
- MRI Scan: The most common and accurate test to see cyst size and location.
- CT Scan or Myelogram: Offers more details if needed.
- Neurological Exam: Tests muscle strength, reflexes, and nerve responses.
- EMG (Electromyography): Checks for nerve damage affecting muscles.
At Medicover, we offer high-resolution MRI, expert neurological evaluations, and personalized diagnostic care to ensure clear, early diagnosis of Tarlov cysts.
What Are the Treatment Options for Tarlov Cysts?
Treatment depends on your symptoms. Many people don't need treatment at all. For those who do, options range from physical therapy to surgery.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Pain medications: NSAIDs, nerve pain relievers, and muscle relaxants
- Physical therapy: Improves movement and strengthens back muscles
- Lifestyle modifications: Avoid heavy lifting, stay active, manage weight
Surgical Treatments (for severe cases)
- Cyst drainage: Temporary relief, cysts may refill
- Microsurgical removal: Removes cysts but carries surgical risks
- Fibrin glue injection: Minimally invasive, seals cysts to reduce recurrence
We provide both conservative and advanced surgical options with expert spine surgeons, rehab care, and pain management tailored to each patient's condition.
Are There Any Side Effects From the Treatment?
Yes, all treatments can have some side effects. These depend on the type of treatment you get. It's important to talk to your doctor about the possible side effects of the medication or procedure they recommend for you.
Side Effects of Medications
Some pain-relief medicines may cause:
- Sleepiness or drowsiness
- Feeling sick (nausea)
- Your body getting used to the medicine (physical dependence), meaning you may need more of it over time
Side Effects of Fluid Drainage
If your doctor drains fluid from a cyst in your spine or brain, the fluid might come back. Sometimes, this can happen as quickly as one hour after the procedure. To help prevent this, doctors often use a special substance to fill the cyst. This helps stop the fluid from returning and reduces pressure on the nerves.
Side Effects of Surgery
Surgery side effects depend on the type of operation you have. Some possible risks include:
- Injury to nearby nerves
- Bleeding
- Blood clots
- Infection
- Leakage of spinal fluid (CSF)
- Problems with bladder or bowel control
- Symptoms coming back later (recurrence)
When to See a Doctor for Tarlov Cysts?
If you've had back pain for weeks or experience nerve symptoms, it's time to get evaluated. Delaying treatment may lead to complications that affect daily life.
See a doctor if you have:
- Back or leg pain lasting more than 2 weeks
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness
- Bladder or bowel control problems
- Difficulty walking or standing
High-Risk Groups:
People with a family history, past spinal injury, or chronic inflammation should seek prompt medical advice if symptoms appear.
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What Is the Recovery Process After Tarlov Cysts Treatment?
Recovery depends on the type of treatment. Non-surgical options may take weeks to improve symptoms, while surgery may require more rest and rehabilitation.
Post-Treatment Care:
- Follow-up scans and checkups
- Physical therapy to regain strength
- Gradual return to activities
- Pain and stress management
We provide ongoing follow-up care, physiotherapy, pain management, and emotional support to help you return to a better quality of life.
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Tarlov Cysts?
There's no sure way to prevent Tarlov cysts, but a healthy lifestyle and early screening can help reduce the risks and avoid worsening symptoms.
Prevention
- Protect your spine from injury
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
- Get regular checkups if you have back issues
- Manage stress and inflammation
Complications if Untreated
- Nerve damage
- Chronic pain and reduced mobility
- Bladder or bowel dysfunction
- Lower quality of life
Our Experience Treating Tarlov Cysts
At Medicover, we provide personalized and compassionate care to patients with Tarlov cysts. From accurate diagnosis to advanced treatment, our team of neurologists, spine surgeons, and physiotherapists work together to improve your comfort, mobility, and quality of life. You're not alone, we're with you every step of the way.
