Subungual Hematoma: Symptoms and Causes

Subungual Hematoma is a condition where blood collects underneath the fingernail or toenail due to trauma or injury. This accumulation of blood can cause pain, discomfort, and affect the normal growth of the nail. It can impact one's quality of life by causing pain and potential complications if not properly managed.

Symptoms of Subungual Hematoma

Subungual hematoma symptoms typically involve changes in the affected nail and surrounding area. These signs may vary in severity and can impact daily activities. It is important to recognize these symptoms and seek medical advice for proper evaluation and treatment.

Causes of Subungual Hematoma

Subungual hematoma is commonly caused by trauma to the nail bed, leading to bleeding underneath the nail. This trauma can result from various incidents like hitting the finger, slamming it in a door, or repetitive use of the fingers in activities like typing or playing sports. In some cases, underlying conditions such as fungal infections or certain medications can also contribute to the development of subungual hematoma.

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Types of Subungual Hematoma

Subungual hematoma, a common nail injury, can present in various forms depending on the severity and cause of the trauma. The different types of subungual hematoma may vary in size, color, pain level, and potential complications. Recognizing the type of subungual hematoma is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.

Risk Factors

Subungual hematoma risk factors are related to activities or conditions that may result in trauma or injury to the nail bed. These risk factors can include certain sports activities, such as running or playing basketball, where the toes are prone to being hit or crushed. Additionally, wearing ill-fitting shoes or engaging in activities that increase the chances of stubbing or crushing the toes can also heighten the risk of developing a subungual hematoma. Other risk factors may include underlying medical conditions that affect blood clotting or medications that thin the blood, making the nail bed more susceptible to bleeding and bruising.

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Diagnosis of Subungual Hematoma

Subungual hematoma is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination of the affected nail and finger or toe. Healthcare providers look for signs like discoloration, pain, and swelling. They may also check for any history of trauma or injury to the nail area. In some cases, additional imaging tests might be used to assess the extent of the hematoma. Early diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and to prevent complications.

Treatment for Subungual Hematoma

Subungual hematoma, commonly known as a blood blister under the nail, can be treated using various methods.   Home Remedies: Some subungual hematomas can be managed at home with rest, ice, elevation, and over-the-counter pain relievers.   Nail Trephination: In some cases, a healthcare provider may use a sterile needle or heated paperclip to create a small hole in the nail to drain the accumulated blood.   Nail Removal: Severe cases of subungual hematoma may require partial or complete removal of the nail to allow proper drainage and healing.   Medical Evaluation: It is essential to seek medical evaluation, especially if the pain is severe or if there are signs of infection, to determine the most appropriate treatment.