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What Is a Pilar Cyst?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Anusha Nagral Reddy , Dermatologist
Pilar cysts, or trichilemmal cysts, are flesh-colored or white growths that typically emerge on the scalp. They originate in hair follicles and contain keratin. While generally benign, prompt treatment can prevent infection, associated pain, and cosmetic complaints.
Knowledge of the symptoms, aetiology and methods of treatment is of great importance in patient management.
What are the Pilar Cyst Symptoms and Warning Signs?
Identifying the symptoms of pilar cysts early can lead to better outcomes and easier treatment. Although mostly painless, complications can arise if they are left unattended.
Common Symptoms
- Smooth, firm, round lumps under the skin
- Mobile and non-tender to touch
- Most commonly located on the scalp
- Varying in size from a few mm to several cm
Severe Symptoms
- Redness and swelling
- Pain and tenderness (especially if infected)
- Pus discharge in case of infection
What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Pilar Cysts?
Understanding what causes pilar cysts and recognising the associated risk factors can aid in prevention and early detection.
Causes:
- Blocked hair follicles
- Keratin buildup under the skin
- Trauma or injury to hair-bearing areas
- Genetic mutations in keratin genes
Risk Factors:
- Family history of pilar cysts
- Middle-aged adults
- Scalp injuries
- Poor hair hygiene or follicle irritation
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Get Second OpinionHow is Pilar Cyst Diagnosed?
Pilar cysts are typically diagnosed based on clinical examination but may require further evaluation to confirm the diagnosis.
Common Diagnostic Methods:
- Physical Examination: Initial clinical assessment of the lump
- Dermatological Evaluation: To rule out other cyst types
- Histological Testing (Biopsy): Microscopic examination after removal
At Medicover, we provide detailed dermatopathology services and skin imaging for accurate cyst identification and differentiation from other growths.
What are the Treatment Options for Pilar Cyst?
While many pilar cysts are harmless, treatment may be required for relief, cosmetic reasons, or if complications arise.
Treatment Approaches
Observation and Monitoring:
- For asymptomatic cysts, regular checks are needed to detect changes.
Surgical Removal (Preferred Method):
- Local anesthesia
- Incision and complete cyst excision
- Suturing for closure
- Recovery: 1 to 2 weeks
Minimally Invasive Treatments (Selected Cases):
- Laser therapy
- Aspiration (less effective, higher recurrence)
Medication:
- Antibiotics for infected cysts
- Anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and swelling
When to See a Doctor?
Don't ignore symptoms that worsen or interfere with daily life.
- If the cyst becomes painful or inflamed
- If it grows rapidly or changes in appearance
- High-risk groups (genetic predisposition or frequent recurrence) should seek early consultation
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What is the Recovery Process After Pilar Cyst Treatment?
Recovery is generally quick, but it requires proper post-operative care.
- Follow-up Visits: 1 to 2 weeks post-surgery to check wound healing
- Post-op Instructions: Keep the area clean, avoid trauma
- Diet and Lifestyle: No specific changes needed; general skin care is advised
- Long-Term Outlook: Excellent, especially with complete excision. Rare recurrence if completely removed.
Support Services at Medicover
We provide aftercare guidance, scar management, and routine follow-up to ensure complete healing.
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Pilar Cyst?
While not always preventable, you can reduce risks through good habits.
Prevention Tips
- Avoid scalp injuries or irritation
- Maintain proper hair and scalp hygiene
- Monitor for early signs of genetically predisposed
Potential Complications
- Infection and abscess formation
- Recurrence after incomplete removal
- Cosmetic concerns, if left untreated
Our Experience Treating Pilar Cyst
We provide consultation and expert treatment of pilar cysts at Medicover. Our dermatologists combine modern surgical and non-surgical techniques to treat very significant mole removal. Your skin is in good hands, from management to recovery
