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What Is Nail Fungus?
Written by Medicover Team and Medically Reviewed by Dr Divya Manchala , Dermatologist
Toenail or fingernail fungus is a common fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails. It changes the texture and colour of the nail, making it thickened, brittle and often yellowish.
Recognising and treating nail fungus early is crucial. Not only does it alleviate discomfort and prevent the spread of infection, but it also helps to avoid permanent nail damage.
What are the Nail Fungus Symptoms and Warning Signs?
Nail fungus symptoms may appear gradually but can worsen over time if not treated. You can prevent severe complications and the spread by recognising early warning signs.
Common Symptoms
- Thickened nails
- Discoloured nails (yellow, brown, or white)
- Brittle or crumbling nails
- Nails with a distorted shape
Severe Symptoms
- Nail separating from the nail bed (onycholysis)
- Foul odour from the nail
- Pain or discomfort while wearing shoes or walking
What are the Different Types of Nail Fungus?
Yes, nail fungus can be classified into a few types based on how and where the infection appears:
- Distal Subungual Onychomycosis: Most common; affects the tip of the nail and underneath.
- White Superficial Onychomycosis: White spots on the nail.
- Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis: Starts at the nail base; more common in people with weakened immune systems.
- Candidal Onychomycosis: Caused by yeast, it affects nails damaged by injury or frequent water exposure.
What are the Common Causes and Risk Factors of Nail Fungus?
Fungi, particularly dermatophytes, primarily cause nail fungus. Yeasts and moulds can also lead to infection. Several external and internal factors can increase susceptibility.
Causes
- Fungal invasion into the nail bed or cuticle
- Exposure to warm, moist environments
- Yeast or mould infections
Risk Factors
- Advanced age (due to slower nail growth and reduced circulation)
- Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
- Walking barefoot in public areas like pools or gyms
- Nail injuries or trauma
- Compromised immune system (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
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Get Second OpinionHow is Nail Fungus Diagnosed?
Diagnosis starts with a physical examination of the affected nails. If needed, further lab analysis confirms the fungal type.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Visual examination of nail discolouration and thickening
- Nail scraping for microscopic analysis or fungal culture
- Specialised fungal testing (if required)
What are the Treatment Options for Nail Fungus?
Treatment depends on the severity and type of infection. Medicover offers both medical and supportive home-based approaches for optimal results.
Medical Treatments
- Topical antifungal creams or medicated nail lacquers
- Oral antifungal medications (for moderate to severe cases)
- Laser therapy (to kill fungus without damaging healthy tissue)
Home Remedies
- Tea tree oil: Natural antifungal; apply twice daily.
- Apple cider vinegar: Soaks help restore the skin's pH.
- Coconut oil: Contains caprylic acid to inhibit fungal growth.
- Garlic paste: Potent antifungal; apply locally or take supplements.
- Vicks VapoRub: Camphor and eucalyptus help reduce fungal activity.
- Oregano oil: Use with a carrier oil to apply twice daily.
Medicover Approach
Our experts tailor treatments to each individual's nail condition, lifestyle, and health status, ensuring faster healing and lower recurrence rates.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical attention if:
- Symptoms persist beyond 2-3 weeks
- Pain interferes with daily activities
- The infection spreads to multiple nails or the surrounding skin
- You have diabetes or an immune conditions
High-risk individuals should avoid home remedies without supervision.
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What is the Recovery Process After Nail Fungus Treatment?
Recovering from nail fungus treatment can take weeks to months, depending on the severity of the infection and the nail's growth rate. It is essential to be patient and follow your doctor's instructions for optimal results.
Post-treatment Care
- Regular follow-up visits for progress monitoring
- Maintain foot hygiene and nail trimming
- Use antifungal powders or sprays preventively
What Precautions Can Help Prevent Nail Fungus?
Prevention is essential to avoid recurrence or new infections.
Prevention Tips
- Keep nails clean and dry
- Wear breathable, well-fitted shoes
- Use antifungal powders in shoes
- Avoid walking barefoot in public places
- Sanitise nail tools and avoid sharing personal items
Potential Complications if Left Untreated
- Chronic nail deformities
- Pain while walking or using the hands
- Spread to other nails or skin
- Secondary bacterial infections
Our Experience Treating Nail Fungus
At Medicover, we provide complete nail fungus care utilising modern diagnostics and customised treatment plans. Our skilled dermatologists and foot care specialists are dedicated to restoring nail health with empathy and precision, as your comfort and confidence are of the utmost importance to us.
