Mediterranean Lymphoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the body cavities such as the chest, abdomen, or around the heart. This type of lymphoma is linked to a virus called human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus.

HHV-8 is thought to play a role in the development of Mediterranean lymphoma, particularly in individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The relationship between HHV-8 and Mediterranean lymphoma is complex, and ongoing research aims to better understand how this virus

What Are the Symptoms of Mediterranean Lymphoma

Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma, may present with symptoms such as:

Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin regions.
Patients with Mediterranean lymphoma may experience fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.
Some individuals with Mediterranean lymphoma may have fatigue, weakness, and a general feeling of malaise.
Mediterranean lymphoma can cause skin lesions, such as red or purple patches, plaques, or nodules.
Abdominal discomfort, bloating, or pain can be symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement in Mediterranean lymphoma.

Get a second opinion from trusted experts and makeconfident, informed decisions.

Get Second Opinion

Causes of Mediterranean Lymphoma

Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma strongly associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection.

This virus is thought to play a key role in the development of Mediterranean lymphoma by promoting abnormal cell growth and inhibiting the immune system's ability to control these cells. Other contributing factors may include:

Genetic predisposition can increase the risk of developing Mediterranean lymphoma.
Chronic inflammation, such as in autoimmune diseases, may contribute to the development of Mediterranean lymphoma.
Exposure to certain infections, like Helicobacter pylori, has been linked to the onset of Mediterranean lymphoma.
Environmental factors, including exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants, could play a role in Mediterranean lymphoma development.
Immunodeficiency conditions, whether congenital or acquired, may be associated with the development of Mediterranean lymphoma.

Types Of Mediterranean Lymphoma

Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that typically affects individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of lymphocytes in the body cavities, particularly the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces.

PEL is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection and often presents as fluid accumulation in these cavities without forming a solid tumor mass. This subtype of lymphoma is challenging to treat and requires a multidisciplinary approach for management.

Mantle cell lymphoma: A rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that typically affects older adults and arises from B cells in the outer edge (mantle zone) of lymph nodes.
Burkitt lymphoma: A fast-growing type of B-cell lymphoma most commonly found in children and young adults, characterized by its high growth rate and association with the Epstein-Barr virus.
Marginal zone lymphoma: A slow-growing type of B-cell lymphoma that typically affects older adults and arises from B cells in the marginal zone of lymphoid tissue.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: A rare type of B-cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of abnormal lymphocytes and plasma cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Risk Factors

Mediterranean lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. Risk factors for Mediterranean lymphoma include:

Family history of lymphoma increases the risk of developing Mediterranean lymphoma.
Chronic inflammation, such as from autoimmune disorders, may contribute to the development of Mediterranean lymphoma.
Exposure to certain infections, like the Epstein-Barr virus, can be a risk factor for Mediterranean lymphoma.
Genetic predisposition or mutations in genes related to immune function can increase the likelihood of developing Mediterranean lymphoma.
Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, may play a role in the development of Mediterranean lymphoma.

Your health is everything - prioritize your well-being today.

Schedule Your Appointment

Diagnosis of Mediterranean Lymphoma

Diagnosis of Mediterranean lymphoma involves a combination of physical exams, blood tests, imaging studies, and lymph node biopsy.

Blood tests help identify abnormal levels of certain markers that may indicate the presence of lymphoma.
Imaging studies like CT scans or PET scans are used to visualize the extent of the disease in the body.
A lymph node biopsy is essential for confirming the diagnosis by examining the lymph node tissue under a microscope.
Additional tests such as bone marrow biopsy or lumbar puncture may be done to determine the stage and spread of the lymphoma.

Treatment for Mediterranean Lymphoma

Treatment options for Mediterranean lymphoma typically include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplant. Chemotherapy is often the primary approach, utilizing powerful drugs to target and kill cancer cells.

Immunotherapy works by enhancing the body's immune response to fight the lymphoma. Radiation therapy may be used to target specific areas of the body affected by cancer.

In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended to replace diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. The choice of treatment depends on various factors such as the stage of the lymphoma, the individual's overall health, and their response to initial therapies.

Close monitoring and collaboration with healthcare providers are essential throughout the treatment process to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

Find Our Specialists

Book Doctor Appointment

Name*

Mobile Number*

I agree to the Medicover Privacy Policy

International Patient Services

Still have questions? Speak with our experts now!

040-68334455

Frequently Asked Questions

What early signs should I look for with Mediterranean lymphoma?

Look for enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Early diagnosis improves outcomes.

How should I care for myself with Mediterranean lymphoma—what should I do and avoid?

Care involves following the treatment plan, attending appointments, engaging in physical activity, eating well, and managing stress. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption, as these habits can negatively impact overall health and recovery.