Hageman Factor Deficiency: Symptoms and Care

Hageman factor deficiency, also known as Factor XII deficiency, is a rare inherited blood disorder that affects the ability of the blood to clot properly. This deficiency can lead to an increased risk of abnormal bleeding or bruising in affected individuals. The Hageman factor plays a crucial role in the coagulation cascade, which is the process that helps stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. When this factor is deficient, it can result in prolonged bleeding episodes and potentially impact overall health and well-being.

What are the Symptoms of Hageman Factor Deficiency?

Individuals with Hageman factor deficiency may experience certain common symptoms. Symptoms of Hageman factor deficiency:

Easy bruising
Prolonged bleeding
Nosebleeds
Excessive bleeding after injury
Excessive bleeding during surgery

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Causes of Hageman Factor Deficiency

Hageman factor deficiency, also known as factor XII deficiency, is primarily caused by genetic mutations that affect the production or function of the Hageman factor protein in the blood.

Genetic mutations
Liver disease
Vitamin K deficiency
Anticoagulant medications
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Types of Hageman Factor Deficiency

Hageman factor deficiency can manifest in various forms, impacting different aspects of the blood clotting process.

Type I Hageman Factor Deficiency: Characterized by low levels of functional Factor XII in the blood, leading to a higher risk of abnormal blood clotting.
Type II Hageman Factor Deficiency: Involves a qualitative defect in Factor XII, resulting in impaired blood coagulation and potential bleeding tendencies.
Type III Hageman Factor Deficiency: Rare autosomal recessive disorder marked by a complete absence of Factor XII, causing prolonged clotting times and increased bleeding risk.
Acquired Hageman Factor Deficiency: Occurs due to liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or certain medications interfering with Factor XII synthesis, impacting blood clotting function.
Congenital Hageman Factor Deficiency: An inherited disorder where individuals have reduced levels of Factor XII from birth, affecting the clotting cascade and potentially leading to bleeding or thrombotic complications.

Risk Factors

Hageman factor deficiency is primarily influenced by genetic factors, including a family history of the condition and inherited gene mutations that affect blood clotting.

Family history of Hageman factor deficiency
Certain genetic mutations
Liver disease
Vitamin K deficiency
Certain medications, like antibiotics or anticoagulants

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Diagnosis of Hageman Factor Deficiency

Hageman factor deficiency is typically diagnosed by assessing blood clotting times and conducting specialized laboratory tests.

Blood tests for Hageman factor levels
Coagulation studies
Genetic testing for gene mutations
Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test

Treatment for Hageman Factor Deficiency

Hageman factor deficiency is typically managed through treatments that aim to prevent excessive bleeding and promote overall health and well-being.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP): FFP contains Hageman factor and other clotting factors to help manage bleeding episodes in individuals with Hageman factor deficiency.
Antifibrinolytic Agents: Medications like tranexamic acid can be used to prevent the breakdown of blood clots and reduce bleeding in patients with Hageman factor deficiency.
Desmopressin (DDAVP): This medication can stimulate the release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, which may help improve clotting in some individuals with Hageman factor deficiency.
Genetic Counseling: Genetic counseling can provide information about the inheritance pattern of Hageman factor deficiency, helping individuals understand the risk of passing the condition to their children.
Management of Underlying Conditions: Treating any underlying conditions or factors that may worsen bleeding tendencies in individuals with Hageman factor deficiency, such as avoiding certain medications or addressing liver disease, can help improve overall management of the condition.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Hageman factor deficiency?

Hageman factor deficiency, also known as Factor XII deficiency, is a rare inherited blood clotting disorder where the blood lacks sufficient levels of Hageman factor.

What are the common symptoms of Hageman factor deficiency?

Common symptoms include easy bruising, nosebleeds, prolonged bleeding after surgery or injury, and excessive bleeding during menstruation.

How is Hageman factor deficiency diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests to measure levels of Hageman factor and other clotting factors, along with a detailed medical history.

Is there a cure for Hageman factor deficiency?

There is no cure for Hageman factor deficiency, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing excessive bleeding through medications or transfusions.